Free Essays on Communications Technology

Correspondence/Media Technology This paper will be founded on the life and works of a portion of the more noted pioneers in the field of correspondence and media innovation and will incorporate a conversation around how mechanical headway may detrimentally affect the lives of people and society in general. Early Methods  ¡Ã‚ ¥Communication ¡Ã‚ ¦ is the demonstration of transmitting and accepting thoughts, messages and data. While considering correspondence between two individuals it could be portrayed as a side-effect or outgrowth of different various strategies for self articulation that have created more than a large number of years: Signals joined by sounds could have been the beginnings of language. Smoke flags as utilized by Native Americans, cavern works of art and inscriptions from the Paleolithic time frame dating as far back as 10,000  ¡V 40,000 BC are generally types of articulation and are endeavors to impart considerations and thoughts. Some time before the phone was created and turned out to be all around accessible and before the innovation of the electric message, imparting over any huge separation would without a doubt have been extended and disappointing with letter mail being among the most well known and endless supply of correspondence. Semaphore It appears that  ¡Ã¢ ¥fast⠡â ¦ significant distance innovation started during the French transformation, in the late eighteenth century, when French dealer Claude Chappe utilized a semaphore transmit to send messages between the French armed force at Lille and Paris. This was accomplished by utilizing a transfer framework and by changing the situation of the arms which were set upon a pole or tower. A message could be sent impressive separations and it was conceivable to send a semaphore broadcast the 240 kilometers from Lille to Paris in a short time. Semaphore broadcasts kept on being famous until the mid nineteenth century, until the electric message was developed. Transmit The electric message was spearheaded... Free Essays on Communications Technology Free Essays on Communications Technology Correspondence/Media Technology This exposition will be founded on the life and works of a portion of the more noted trailblazers in the field of correspondence and media innovation and will incorporate a conversation around how mechanical progression may detrimentally affect the lives of people and society all in all. Early Methods  ¡Ã‚ ¥Communication ¡Ã‚ ¦ is the demonstration of transmitting and accepting thoughts, messages and data. While considering correspondence between two individuals it could be portrayed as a result or outgrowth of different various techniques for self articulation that have created more than a huge number of years: Motions joined by sounds could have been the beginnings of language. Smoke flags as utilized by Native Americans, cavern artworks and inscriptions from the Paleolithic time frame dating as far back as 10,000  ¡V 40,000 BC are largely types of articulation and are endeavors to impart contemplations and thoughts. Well before the phone was created and turned out to be all around accessible and before the innovation of the electric message, imparting over any noteworthy separation would without a doubt have been extended and disappointing with letter mail being among the most famous and endless supply of correspondence. Semaphore It appears that  ¡Ã¢ ¥fast⠡â ¦ significant distance innovation started during the French upset, in the late eighteenth century, when French shipper Claude Chappe utilized a semaphore broadcast to send messages between the French armed force at Lille and Paris. This was accomplished by utilizing a transfer framework and by changing the situation of the arms which were set upon a pole or tower. A message could be sent significant separations and it was conceivable to send a semaphore transmit the 240 kilometers from Lille to Paris in a short time. Semaphore broadcasts kept on being mainstream until the mid nineteenth century, until the electric message was imagined. Broadcast The electric message was spearheaded...

Napster; The P2p Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Napster; The P2p Model - Essay Example Distributed programming was created by an American Teenager, Shawn Fanning, through his framework for music sharing called Napster. This permits clients to trade music legitimately starting with one PC then onto the next without the need to experience a focal server.(Annonymous, 2000). The framework turned out to be mainstream to the point that Napster had 20 million clients in 2000, with the number ever developing. The way toward downloading music off the Net was at first a lumbering procedure since music documents contained a lot of information †as much as 172 kilobytes of data for every second (Westrup 2000). A solitary AIFF sound document utilized on sound CDs takes up 8.75 megabytes of extra room for every moment of music, so that even with a 56K fast modem, an individual melody would take in any event an hour to be downloaded.(Woodworth, 2004). During the way toward making an advanced chronicle, sound waves are changed into the computerized position. Since sound goes through the air in waves, it should initially be moved to a transducer so as to change over the sound waves into voltage varieties. This further moves to a simple to digitial convertor. The simple voltage is changed over into advanced bits, every one of which is alloted a number with a specific double worth, which are then recompiled inside the storeroom of a computer.(Anderton, 1985).

Why is it Impossible to Cheat on Real Money Slots

Why is it Impossible to Cheat on Real Money Slots Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Why is it Impossible to Cheat on Real Money Slots?Updated On 05/03/2020Author : Ram kumarTopic : TechnologyShort URL : https://hbb.me/39tjWDS CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThere are a number of gamblers who try to overtake the technology. They just want to go ahead by outsmarting the technology. They do usually search loopholes that can easily bring big money by cheating the online gaming systems. They do mainly focus on making the calculationsWrong and try to decipher certain patterns for making the slot machines working perfectly. At the present time, cheating or manipulating these systems are simply impossible and it will truly make a great way forward that will do nothing for the perfect approach for the gamblers. After knowing that, it is almost impossible to crack the system and manipulating them is almost impossible.Possibility of Offline CheatingThere are ma inly two types of casinos available. One is an online casino and the second one is an offline casino. There are several techniques that are unleashed in the initial days of slot machines. Gamblers who want to cheat, they do apply different tricks. Some of them have also destroyed these slot machines later when they realized that, it is almost impossible to cheat them manually. One thing is to keep in mind that, none of these tricks can be applied for cheating these things. There are several things you can get in the prospect with games that are computerized and almost all the casinos are properly aware of the possible tricks of these kinds of cheating. Although, it can’t be said that these modern machines are flawless, real money slots are quite safer compared to others. Now there is a website named JohnSlots, perfect for the gamblers to play real money slots. This website provides the perfect option as a mobile casino, online casino and casinos by payment. This outstanding platfo rm always provides a perfect online casino experience.PRNGREADIs Being A Tech-Savvy Person Ruining Your Healthy? Know The Importance Of Sleeping Well!Almost all these slots are properly programmed by using RNG. In this way, gamblers get the results during their every spin. While talking about online casinos, they periodically tested with special commissions. Gamblers are talking about random number generators; they are actually pseudo-random number generators. Most of these programs will be properly modified with the basis of perfect approach and it will surely make a great way forward that would contain the online frauds. In this way, gamblers would be sure that it is not possible to crack any kind of real money slots.Software ProgramsOnline slots are trickier. There are no such magic solutions available that will come with big payouts. There are a number of fake software programs floating in the market that are claiming that they can easily crack these systems and are able to come with big cash prizes by cheating. This news is completely false and it is not possible with the help of hackers. There are no such tricks available that can come to deliver huge amounts of bonuses. This is the main reason; it will be good to avoid such programs.Practice will be Best to Go forThe practice is the right way to go. With perfect and long term practice, one can win big cash. However, still, some people think about the shortcut way to win big cash. However, there are several things you need to think about and practice to get the right cash prize.

Essay on Globalization Sharing Our Prosperity With the World

Globalization is the growing interdependence of the worlds people that involves the integration of economies, technologies, and cultures (Bradshaw). It is described as the increased movement of people, knowledge and ideas, and goods and money across national borders that have led to the increased interconnectedness among the world. Globalization is often thought of in economic terms but as we know there are three major components implicated with this idea including: economics, politics, and cultures. Some associate globalization with modernization whereas, it is perceived that there is an alteration of traditional societies into Western industrial ones. This challenges us into a debate of whether or not globalization is positive†¦show more content†¦It is essential to all the multinational corporations that world trade is progressive so that the world may be more profitable. International financial institutions such as the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund have thus impacted upon this theme of globalization. They promote it as a solution for global development and see it as a process of freeing economies so that trade between countries can take place more easily. Freeing up meaning to provide more opportunities for businesses to make profits and reduce the states role as a producer or deliverer of services. It is the focus of economic liberalization to find new ways for business to maximize profits by also increasing the wealth and prosperity of countries and their people. The key principle with the integration of economics is a free global market, which exists with as few barriers, allowing true competition to secede among nations. These businesses are the most important force for a countrys development because with large profits the country will be most beneficial (Web4). Among these major industrial economies it is stated that 65% of the total economic production (GDP) is associated with the international trade. The diversity of these trade unions is rather known as free trade linking more than 50% of new jobs having to be created. With this being true,Show MoreRelatedSustainable Prosperity Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter world can possibly be constructed.† Jonathon Porritt Globalization and sustainability are forces that are in constant competition. In this global game there emerges a clear victor and an inevitable loss. As a political, social, and economic force, globalization has expanded to encompass our global society; it creates change. As the light falls on those affected by globalization, the practitioner and the subject are brought forth and examined. Where there is progress and prosperity for allRead MoreGlobalization Is A Process Of Interaction And Integration Among The People1256 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. Globalization is not new, though. For t housands of years, people—and, later, corporations—have beenRead MoreInternet Research671 Words   |  3 PagesInternet Research Use Internet research from at least two articles to explain the extent to which you believe globalization will change the field of security in the future Globalization is making the security situation much more volatile in the future. This is because advancements in technology have made communication easier. For most countries, this means that they have access to news and other information quickly. The problem is that some people could do things that will insight others andRead More The Elimination of the Middle Class1256 Words   |  6 Pages Globalization is the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network by transportation, communication, and trade. Through a global lens the process of globalization seems to be vital to the development of the modern world. As a result of globalization there has been a dramatic transition in every aspect of life around the world, more specifically in areas such as trade, immigration, and human development. International trade bolsters salesRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Our Society912 Words   |  4 Pages1 Globalization is a term often used to describe the rapid advances in technology that saw a plethora of interaction and integration among government, businesses, and people. This is how I used to think of it, that it brought the world together and made it a better place to live. And it did, for those fortunate enough to be living in the first world. Although globalization brought prosperity to the first world, it was at the expense of the third world. So is it a bad thing? Is it a good thing? TheRead MoreIs Globalization a Good Thing? Discuss with Reference to Either Culture, Economics or Politics.1467 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-bei ng in societies around the world. In this essay I will use culture as reference to discuss the above question. I will look at the GlobalistsRead MoreGlobalization And The On Globalization1579 Words   |  7 PagesBefore reading a paper on globalization and the arguments for and against it, one must know the definition of globalization itself to fully understand the case. Globalization, according to the Global Workforce Project (2015), â€Å"Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture,Read MoreGlobalization And Terrorism : Terrorism1487 Words   |  6 Pages Unit 5 DB 2 Globalization and Terrorism Introduction Globalization and Terrorism is something that all Americans fear ever since 9/11. Globalization tends to be new to us because it is linked with terrorism, but terrorism has been around since the beginning of biblical times, and in the US we are forever exposed to terrorism. But even though we know it can happen to us at any time we never know if it will be worse than 9/11, because terrorism only works when it creates massive chaos, shock and ahRead MoreThe World And The Implications For Inequalities And Unevenness1429 Words   |  6 Pagesassociated with the shrinking world and the implications for inequalities and unevenness. Due to globalisation people are more connected around the world than ever before. Global manufactured goods and services that are produced in a certain part of the world are increasingly available in all parts of the world. Also, international travel is more frequent and international communication is commonplace. â€Å"Globalisation is an economic tidal wave that is sweeping over the world.† It can’t be stopped, andRead MoreThe Role Of Regional Integration Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Business as pertaining to our topic describes changes in our worlds economy that result from dramatically increased internationational trade and cultural exchange. This paper will analyze the role of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) in promoting global business. Besides NAFTA, regional integrations such as: EU, APEC, ASEAN, CAFTA, or others may be discussed for the purpose of comparing advantages and disadvantages of regional integration. Also discussed will be the ec onomic development

Christianity and Church - 1173 Words

A sacrament can be defined as a visible sign of an invisible grace or an outward sign of an inward grace . Through the visible there is invisible. For example: The Eucharist – Bread and Wine are visible and the Life of Christ is invisible. It is a sign of God s grace, a visible sign, something we are able to see. Therefore the church stands as a visible sign; the invisible grace is God s presence. Hence sacraments make God s presence more real and understandable for us as believers. The church is needed to build up unity among all of us, to bring us together as a community to share in God s life just as God wants. The church is a sign and instrument of unity with God. God s love for us reconciles us to God and to each other†¦show more content†¦He sacrificed his life for us so that we could live happy lives and he will be there to lead us on our lives and help us live a good life just as he did. We are called to be holy and be an intimate friend of Christ . The church communicates the salvation of Jesus Christ. The church is not only a sacrament of Christ, but a sacrament of man and of the world. The church as a sacrament reveals union of men with God or each other. The Church points back to Christ and what he has done for us and to the future to the Kingdom, what he will do for us. Salvation comes from the Messiah. We are all part of a local church in which are a community. Together as we join in unity we all form the universal Church. By worshiping God in the Church we find salvation. By worshiping the church, the church worships on our behalf. The church makes sacrifices for us. ‘So the church’s sacrifice in communion with Christ is vicarious by nature as the sacrament of Christ’s sacrifice and so also on behalf of the world of mankind’. We are all called to unity not just the church. We cannot reach salvation until we embrace God’s love. It is a sign of communion to all humanity. At the end of time we will have the Kingdom of God. The church has the ta sk to get all humanity to the end. The church is the link between humanity and Good. The church makes God visible. The church is a communion that is needed to create unity among all men.Show MoreRelatedChristianity And The Christian Church1473 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual were recorded and spread across the globe, making up the cornerstone of Christ’s most important legacy, Christianity. It is a religion shaped entirely around Jesus’ personal philosophies and ideologies that has forever shaped the course of human history. In order to appreciate the importance of Christianity, first an understanding of the religion itself must be reached. The Christian church teaches that there is one God who created everything. Although Christians believe there is a singular GodRead MoreChristianity And Free Methodist Church1555 Words   |  7 Pagesgood and bad alike. For example, Christianity was used commonly during the crusades as a justification to slaughter thousands of people for the purpose of reclaiming the ‘holy land.’ Though this one belief has been used broadly for negative actions such as that extreme example or even something is frivolous as the picketing of funerals by Westboro Baptist Church, it has also been used to better the world. The church I belonged to, Pine Grove Free Methodist Church, made its best efforts to assistRead MoreThe Christianity Of Persecution Of The Early Church2528 Words   |  11 PagesFor Christians, the persecution of the early church is generally accepted as fa ct. So much so that we rarely seem to consider the possibility that this is not the case. The martyrdom of saints for their faith is taken for granted as historically accurate. Furthermore, we admire them, looking up to the strength of their faith during the most challenging of times. But are we believing in a false history? Are we taking the truth of Christian persecution for granted when it is, in fact, not true at allRead MoreChristianity and Catholic Church Essay5169 Words   |  21 Pagesrefer to Christians and churches belonging to the Roman Catholic Church. To be Catholic requires a person to have certain unique, beliefs, values, and traditions that are separate from other people practicing Christianity. The Catholic Church maintains that it has been able to carry on the true tradition of the apostolic church as well and has evolved into a distinctive branch of Christianity throughout the years. The Catholic Church is also a part of an entire subculture of Catholicism that hasRead MoreChristianity in Poland and the Church of St. Florian803 Words   |  3 PagesReligion is a defining factor of what gave people a common identity; so in order to feel connected with one another, rulers would take it upon themselves to unite their kingdoms and establish a universal religion. During the late middle ages Christianity was on the rise. It was widely accepted and appealed mostly to women and slaves, but everyone had their benefits from the new religion. This change in religion was evident through artwork at the time, and the construction of churches across EuropeRead MoreChristianity : The Early Church And The Dawn Of The Reformation1203 Words   |  5 PagesChristian Church, thereby effecting change and defining the trajectory of the Church as it stands today. In The Story of Christianity: The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation, Justo Gonzà ¡lez points to two apostlesâ⠂¬â€Peter and Paul, or Saul—as exemplars of such leadership, and the evidence suggests that both of these men had a considerable influence on the evolution of the Church. Concerning credentials, both apostles were more than qualified to drive the advancement of the Church. Paul, forRead MoreHistory of Christianity and the Christian Church603 Words   |  2 Pagesnamed Charlemagne the Holy Roman Empire. This upset the Byzantine emperor because the Byzantines had stood up to barbarians and upheld the faith for years and they didn’t want a western Emperor over them. Things continued to get worse and in 1054, church split into two: Rome Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Catholics. Things that contributed to the schism were the fact that the Roman Catholics tended to be in the west and the Orthodox in the east, and as time went on language differences got in the wayRead MoreChristianity And Church History During The 20th Century1063 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual. In this paper, the history of Christianity will told from below. It will be told from the prospective of an individual who was born and lived in South Africa in the middle 20th century, during apartheid. First, this paper will briefly discuss the beginning of Christianity in South Africa. Second, it will discuss Christianity and church history during the 20th century, which is the main time period referenced in the paper. Third, it will discuss church history from the oral account of andRead MoreLearning The Restored Gospel And Christianity Through Church History2089 Words   |  9 PagesLearning the Restored Gospel and Christianity through Church History A man named George Santayana once said, â€Å"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it† (in John Bartlett, comp., Familiar Quotations, 15th ed. [1980], 703). We can clearly see that learning from the past molds and shapes who we are today and what will become of us in the future. Eventually, if we have learned how to live honorable and praiseworthy lives as true Christians we can return to live with our HeavenlyRead MoreMy Current Art Practice : A Positive Attitude Towards Western Christianity, Spirituality And The Church Essay838 Words   |  4 PagesThe aim of my current art practice is to cultivate a more positive attitude towards Western Christianity, spirituality and the church as a whole, and examine what it means to be a child within the church and having a voice that is not necessarily always heard. In order to fully realize these objectives, a thorough research into the scope of religion, play and brain development in childhood in conjunction with each other is required. Particular attention needs to be paid to the Gospel of Mark, which

The Effects Of Disfluencies And Social Anxiety - 2773 Words

The Influence of Disfluencies and Social Anxiety There has been a considerable amount of research conducted that suggests that individuals who experience disfluency of speech are more likely to experience more social anxiety when situated in social gatherings or social interactions. Current research has suggested that the relationship between social anxiety and disfluency to be is to be a complex one. Some researchers suggest that anxiety is a by-product of disfluency (Ezrati- Vinacour Levin 2004). While others view anxiety as the main cause of disfluencies (Kraaimaat, Vanryckeghem, Van Dam-Baggen, 2002; Mahr Torosian, 1999). Some researchers also view social anxiety as a general stress trait (Ezarti-Vinacour, 2004). However, there have been studies that failed to find that people who exhibit disfluency of speech are significantly more anxious than fluent speakers (Ezrati- Vinacour Levin 2004). To date research suggests that the relationship between the two still remains unclear due to differing methods and flaws in experimen tal controls. There is a lack of consistency across studies (Mahr Torosian, 1999). It is important to establish how disfluency and social anxiety are influenced together. Therefore, the purpose of this study is too establish how fluency of speech differs when involved in different social anxiety situations. Speaking in front of crowds or to strangers can be difficult for those who display disfluency of speech such as: stuttering andShow MoreRelatedStuttering Is A Communication Disorder That Involuntary Effects The Fluency Of Speech1479 Words   |  6 PagesStuttering Stuttering is a communication disorder that involuntary effects the fluency of speech. Disfluencies in speech include both â€Å"nonstuttered† and â€Å"stuttered† disfluencies. â€Å"Nonstuttered† disfluencies include interjections, revisions, phrase repetitions, and other. Everyone produces disfluencies in their speech at times making â€Å"nonstuttered† disfluencies more typical in speech. â€Å"Stuttered† disfluencies are less typical and include word repetitions, sound/syllable repetitions, prolongationsRead MoreStuttering Is The Most Common Speech Disorder1116 Words   |  5 Pages For a person who suffers from stuttering just the simple anticipation of a disfluency occurring can have a person filled with fear, anxiety and even anger. Stuttering can prevent people from wanting to engage in social situations with the fear of embarrassment that their disorder can cause them. Stuttering is a fluency disorder which causes interruptions in the flo w of speech. These interruptions are called disfluencies and can affect people of all ages. Although more than 70 million people stutterRead MoreChildhood Stuttering : A Narrative Review1553 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Stuttering: A Narrative Review Yaruss (2004) introduces childhood stuttering as a communication disorder characterized by atypical disfluencies that interrupt the smooth flow of speech. Some disfluencies, such as phrase repetitions, revisions, interjections, and pauses, are common in the speech of typically developing children; however, atypical disfluencies such as prolongations, blocks, and part or whole-word repetitions may be indicative of developmental, or childhood, stuttering (YarussRead MoreDomestic Violence : Violence Between Adult Intimate Partners1632 Words   |  7 Pagesworthy of seeking help, or they rationalize the abuse, believing they caused or deserve it. Police complain that often when they arrest an abuser, the victims want them to drop the charges. Effects of Domestic Violence Long-term effects of domestic violence on women who have been abused may include: †¢ anxiety †¢ chronic depression †¢ chronic pain †¢ death †¢ dehydration †¢ dissociative states †¢ drug and alcohol dependence †¢ eating disorders †¢ emotional over-reactions to stimuli †¢ general emotionalRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagescircumstances and discovered that many lacked ideas to engage their little siblings or felt uncomfortable interacting outside the university community.. In response to these concerns, I developed a plan to organize and advertise various on-campus group social activities. I excitedly outlined the projects various benefits and offered to coordinate the groups efforts, thereby overcoming the directors initial skepticism regarding the time commitment required. I organized the directors into pairs to brainstorm

Project Team Roles Construction Industry

Question: Discuss about theProject Team Rolesfor Construction Industry. Answer: Introduction The construction industry of Singapore is facing issues of productivity due to rise in costs and lack of manpower availability. Organizations need to find ways to improve productivity such that the costs can be reduced, project period can be reduced, and profitability can be increased. This research aims to identify reasons behind low productivity and come up with recommendations for improvement. Key Activities The research would involve some key steps to attain the objectives of the research including: Survey: Survey would be conducted in order to gain information on what problems or challenges are faced by the construction industry in Singapore, the underlying causes of the declining productivity and possible solutions that some of the flourishing organizations may be using to remain competitive in the environment. An objective survey would be conducted on the respondents who would include the project managers from multiple construction organizations. Literature Research: Literature review would be a major part of the research and it would involve exploration of secondary data and information sources to understand the challenges of construction industries, causes of productivity decline and possible solutions. Literature review would allow researchers to explore the methods used all over the world as well as those used in the selected region such that the collective lessons may be applied to the case of Singapore to come up with necessary recommendation. Project Outline Preparation: The research project would need to be conducted in steps and the report would include specific sections. Project outline would explain these steps and define the sections along with the brief of the content to be included. This would serve as a guide for proejct team members to follow it for completion of the project. Deciding Scope of work: The scope of work would include specific activities that are to be done in order to achieve the objectives of the project. It would also define the items that are not in the scope of the project. The project scope includes the following activities: Formation of the objectives of the research from the aim Study of past literatures on the subject and analysis of the gap in literature Brainstorming to come up with a suitable research methodology Defining a research methodology and applying sampling techniques to come with sample for primary data collection Forming questionnaire for the survey Distribution of survey and data collection from the respondents as per the sample size Data analysis of the responses obtained from the survey Bringing out recommendations through brainstorming for improving the productivity in construction industry Preparing the literature review and gap present the gap analysis Writing the whole research report including introduction, literature review, methodology, data analysis, conclusions, recommendations, citations and appendices. The activities that are not included in the scope of this project include: Application of the recommendations in the real scenario Testing of the recommendations given for construction productivity improvements. Team Roles The team consist of 4 members who would be assigned specific work within the research project as reflected below: Field Researcher: One of the team members would be involved in the research as a field researcher who would take care of the data collection. He would also be responsible for creating, distributing, and collecting data. He would also be responsible for managing the data formats, entry into the SPSS file and setting the variables on the file as per the requirements, and clean the data before data file is finalized for conducting analysis of the file. The questionnaire would actually be prepared using the inputs from the entire team. Research Report Writer: One of the team members would be responsible for managing the writing of reports starting with the introduction, literature review, methodology, data analysis, conclusions and recommendations. He would be conducting literature review and would decide on the methodology after having brainstorming with the other members of the team. Data Analyst: One of the team members would be involved in conducting the data analysis of the primary data obtained. He would be performing the analysis using SPSS and would also make interpretations by taking help from the other team members. Project Manager: One of the team members would be responsible for managing all the activities and ensuring that they are completed on time. He would e responsible for creating the plan, provisioning resources, accessing research reports, reaching out to the respondents and connecting with them for sampling and data collection. Project Plan: Project plan would go through a set of stages including pre-planning, problem definition, purpose determination, Constraints identification, Literature review, methodology, Data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, conclusions and recommendations. During re-planning, research idea would be formed and a discussion would be followed to take a decision on the investigation of the research. Time frame and budget for the research would also be identified in this stage. In the problem definition stage, research problems would be identified and each problem could have multiple interpretations and purpose. The purpose is always to achieve a certain goal which in the current research is to understand the causes of the reduction in the productivity of the construction industry in Singapore such that recommendations can be made on their improvement so as to enhance the productivity of companies in Singapore. There can be several constraints on a research project such as: Ethical concerns that can pose limitations on the research methods and their usage. For instance, ethical codes say that the researcher must not have any personal information of the respondents that can later be used for identification. Time limitations as per the defined schedule can pose limitations on a project which has to be completed within specified time limits. Budget decided for conducting research would also put limitations on how the researches can be conducted, what methods could be used, what ethnographic profiles can be approached and the size of the sample to be used. As this research has limited budget which only allows for data collection, a survey methodology is being used. The manpower involved here is only 4 members and thus, there are constraints on where to travel. Thus, most survey respondents would be approached using internet through an online survey to reduce the travel needs. The project plan for the research study would contain the following details: Aims Objectives: Aim of this project is to explore the challenges faced by construction industry of Singapore causing their productivity to decline and identify methods that can be used for improving productivity. Major objectives of this research include: Compare productivity levels of construction companies of Singapore with companies in other countries that are flourishing well in construction Identify reasons that cause productivity decline in the construction companies of Singapore. Come up with recommendations for improvements in the productivity of the construction companies in Singapore through adoption and modifications in government policies. Background and Significance: The construction industry of Singapore is currently hit by some major problems because of which productivity of the industry has been reduced. Major drivers for this decline in productivity include rising costs and inability to find the right workforce due to tight worker quota policy of the Singapore government. Growing cost of labour and lack of the talent has cause major productivity declines in the industry. The objective of these companies remains reduction of cost, improvement of profitability, and reduces the period of construction project completion. The industry has been booming for past few years and the boom is still continuing with more and more requirements for construction getting generated. There is a very strong demand for infrastructure project and public housing construction projects. This demand is going to increase over the coming 5 years. In such a situation, managing the costs would be a bug challenge for the company. The problems are further aggregated because of the fact that the economy is open to investments and entries of companies from different countries that may be capable of handling the cost factor in a better manner causing threat to the domestic construction organizations. Further, living standards of the people in the country have improved and thus, the construction outcome by the companies based in Singapore may not be considered very great by them and they would open up more to the external investments (Baguley, 2008). On the labour side, construction work appears to be dirty and dangerous which makes it difficult to attract a large amount of labour force which may be needed by the construction companies in Singapore. Thus, in order to get the workforce, organizations woo them with higher salaries which increase the cost of the project thereby causing limitations of the number of labour that can be hurried. Considering these challenges, it is important that the challenges and possible solutions of the construction industry productivity are explored by a thorough research which would be helpful in improving the conditions of the industry. Thus, this report would explore the methods used for managing construction project, identify ways costs can be reduced and productivity can be improved for construction industry (Cisneros, 2013). Preliminary Studies: There have been past studies done on the subject that have revealed some useful insights. Some major issues have been identified in these studies such as unattractiveness of the industry when considering career development and impacts of the government policy on the construction workers migrating from foreign companies. Preliminary studies have also revealed some important highlights that would be useful for the current study such a (Cleland and Kerzner, 2012): Most unemployment in Singapore is found in construction and manufacturing industry Construction industry plays a significant role in national and economic development In 2014, the employment rate of the industry has fallen down by 0.5% while production has reduced by 0.4% in the same time There are several construction companies that have winded up since 2007 including 51construction companies that have filed for liquidation. Okuns law can be applied to the case of construction companies in Singapore which explains the situation of the country. Because of low wage rates that are not comfortable with construction workers, the demand is more than labour supply causing labour shortage. This shortage can actually be eliminated if wages are increased but the industry fails to increase this supply of money and thus, supply curve is very inelastic. The law says that if there is one percent increase in unemployment, there is a 2% fall in production. As the country is developed and has good level of people who can afford education and thus, there would be more students who can afford to take higher education and thus, would look for a white collar job. Thus, there would be less number of people in the country who would be willing to join lower salaried or lower status jobs like those in construction. They are further discouraged due to the danger involved in construction work (Margerison and McCann, 2012). Some research methods have been used by researchers for such studies like: Labour and productivity impacts are studied and correlation analysis has been conducted by researchers and a positive correlation was found between the two. Most researchers have followed positivism approach to deciding research methodology and thus, have relied on the facts about people instead of their subjective perspectives. Most studied are explorative and there is no approach made for establishing any theory related to the subject Some articles have taken a deductive approach to research and tested hypothesis to understand if there is a significant relationship between labour engagement and productivity. Researchers conducted in past have used both primary data from people and secondary data such as financial or economic reports (Saynisch, 2013). Research Design and Methods There are two hypotheses that are formed in this research and would be tested in the research: Hypothesis 1: Singaporean will not work as construction workers even if the wage increases to S$2,000 per month. Hypothesis 2: Singaporean has never voiced its displeasure against hard labour workers that have never taken their job away. It is the governments wrong perception to appease Singaporean by reducing the number of foreign workers in Singapore. There are two questionnaires one containing variables related to career and job satisfaction and second questionnaire researching dependent variables derived from the past studies on the subject. A sample size of 217 is taken for each questionnaire and the researchers anticipate a response rate of 80%. A stratified random sampling method has been used for deciding the people to be surveyed. Data Analysis: The data collected in this research would be quantitatively tested using Chi-Square tests which would be used for testing the association between two major variables including type of job and job prospects. Mutually exclusive variables are less than 5 in numbers. In the second questionnaire, a likert scale would be used for understanding perceptions of people on jobs. Project Milestones and Timeliness The project would follow a stepwise procedure for completing the research considering it as a project. In this process, certain milestone dates would be planned which would determine accomplishments such that the researchers would have to complete all the tasks as planned before specific milestones. These milestones include: Milestone Deliverables Milestone Dates Milestone activities Aims and objectives refined 5th Feb 2017 Refine aims Define research objectives Introduction 10th Feb 2017 Write introduction containing research background, research aims and objectives, research significance and research paper outline Literature review 25th Mar 2017 Study previous research papers Identify gaps in literature Write literature review section for the research report. Research Methodology 5th Apr 2017 Identify research design Identify research methods for data collection and data analysis Develop a research methodology Write a research methodology Develop hypothesis statement Questionnaire 1 2 preparation 10th Apr 2017 Develop questionnaire one Test questionnaire with peers Develop questionnaire two Test questionnaire with peers Finalize questionnaire and prepare consent letter for respondents Research Data Collection 1st May 2017 Create online survey for online users Take survey questionnaire print outs for other respondents Approach respondents with questionnaire Fill the responses Collect data and feed into SPSS Conduct statistical analysis on the collected data. Define variables in SPSS Data Analysis 13th May 2017 Decide analysis methods to be used for analysis of the statistical data considering two hypothesis Conduct tests on SPSS for hypothesis testing Data Interpretation 15th May 2017 Based on the data analysis results, make some interpretations that help achieve research objectives Write conclusions recommendations 20th May 2017 Write the summary of research including key findings and come up with recommendations based on the interpretations. Finalise the report 25th May 2017 Proofread and edit the report for formats, grammar, and citations. This would mark the completion of the project and would be followed by submission. The specific milestone activities have to be achieved before the milestones to mark it as complete. If there are delays in the completion during a milestone, the time may be adjusted in other milestones or an additional time may be taken from the tutor or adjustments may be made in responsibilities such that team members share them to achieve the results faster. References Baguley, P. (2008).Project management. [New York]: McGraw-Hill. Cisneros, S. (2013).The house on Mango Street. New York: Vintage Books. Cleland, D. and Kerzner, H. (2012).Engineering team management. Malabar, Fla.: R.E. Krieger Pub. Co. Margerison, C. and McCann, D. (2012).Team management. London: Mercury. Saynisch, M. (2013). Project management system for a large international project.International Journal of Project Management, 1(2), pp.115-121.