Applying the economic theories in the Market’s Reader to the New Economy :: Economics

Applying the economic theories in the Markets Reader to the New providenceIn this stop of the question, I will describe the old and new rescue,after that I will point out the master(prenominal) characters of New Economy andwhat is different mingled with NEW and Old Economy. later than, I willdiscuss the demand of knowledge, ideas, innovation, and individualisticcreative destruction, change in market and agonistic as the mainresource needed to make economic prosperity. I will discuss Innovationreduce costs and improve product character reference and how advances technology secure the cost reduction and reserve the economic scale in goodlevel. Finally I will apply the Economic theories in market reader.From slightly 1938 to 1974, the economy was built on a manufacturingbase geared in the direction of standardized production (It was manuallabor). It was organized into stable, class-conscious and generally cavalier organizations. These organizations achieved a competitiveedge in the market by making standardized products faster and moreeconomically. They focused on incremental cost reductions and anational marketplace. In addition, that how this organization successand achieved there ogles in closely courtiers, for example textile andsteel industry.That kind of economic bulge to collapse during the mid-70s and the beforehand(predicate) 90s. The crisis included both textiles and steel industry, in aperiod of changeover from the old economic to the new economic ,a lotof countries outlet their competitive draw because others were changingthe production process more faster and cheaper. The cheap labor whichhad brought industries to the South Asia was being very cheap. At thesame time, the genial demand for the individual has change, workersbecome looking for a higher standard of living, new cars, washingmachines, clothes and bigger houses, which effect the economy.On the other hand, the new economy is procession as a demand of knowledgeand idea-based e conomy. The new economy, which was making success andprosperity used the new technology to produces high quality, menial priceproduction, overly the new ideas and innovation that apply to allsectors of the economy which enhance the whole economy. For example,80% of the jobs in US today do non depend on making things, processthings, or generate information. In 50s, 60% of the firms in US coulduse unskilled labor now a day completely around 15 per sent of jobs can useunskilled labor.Robert M. Howe author said technology is in the hands of society atlarge. the most important resource in the new economy is humancapital a resource that all nations possess. Development ofproductive talent and its measurement is champion of the challenges thatApplying the economic theories in the Markets Reader to the New Economy EconomicsApplying the economic theories in the Markets Reader to the New EconomyIn this part of the question, I will describe the old and new Economy,after that I will p oint out the main characters of New Economy andwhat is different between NEW and Old Economy. later than, I willdiscuss the demand of knowledge, ideas, innovation, and individualcreative destruction, change in market and competitive as the mainresource needed to make economic prosperity. I will discuss Innovationreduce costs and improve product quality and how advances technologyachieve the cost reduction and reserve the economic scale in goodlevel. Finally I will apply the Economic theories in market reader.From around 1938 to 1974, the economy was built on a manufacturingbase geared in the direction of standardized production (It was manuallabor). It was organized into stable, hierarchical and generallyhigh-handed organizations. These organizations achieved a competitiveedge in the market by making standardized products faster and moreeconomically. They focused on incremental cost reductions and anational marketplace. In addition, that how this organization successand achieved the re ogles in most courtiers, for example textile andsteel industry.That kind of economic start to collapse during the mid-70s and theearly 90s. The crisis included both textiles and steel industry, in aperiod of changeover from the old economic to the new economic ,a lotof countries loss their competitive frame because others were changingthe production process more faster and cheaper. The cheap labor whichhad brought industries to the South Asia was being very cheap. At thesame time, the social demand for the individual has change, workersbecome looking for a higher standard of living, new cars, washingmachines, clothes and bigger houses, which effect the economy.On the other hand, the new economy is rising as a demand of knowledgeand idea-based economy. The new economy, which was making success andprosperity used the new technology to produces high quality, low priceproduction, also the new ideas and innovation that apply to allsectors of the economy which enhance the whole economy . For example,80% of the jobs in US today do not depend on making things, processthings, or generate information. In 50s, 60% of the firms in US coulduse unskilled labor now a day only around 15 per sent of jobs can useunskilled labor.Robert M. Howe author said technology is in the hands of society atlarge. the most important resource in the new economy is humancapital a resource that all nations possess. Development ofproductive capacity and its measurement is one of the challenges that

Animal Cruelty :: Psychology, Conduct Disorder

For one to completely understand animal cruelness one must know how animal stiffness is categorise. Animal cruelty was first categorized as a symptom of take up disorder by the American psychiatrical affiliation in 1987 (McPhedran 2008). Conduct disorder is defined as a insistent and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others are major age appropriate societal norms or rules are violated (American Psychiatric Association 1994 as cited as McPhedran 2008). To be diagnosed with conduct disorder, a person must have at least 3 of the 15 symptoms of the disorder presented. opposite symptoms of conduct disorder include persistent patterns of aggression towards humans, lying and deception, theft and/or robbery, and destruction of property (American Psychiatric Association 1994 as cited as McPhedran 2008). in that location is miscellany of studies that shows that their factors that influence peoples judg workforcets about cruelty. Attitudes about abuse and ne glect can be reliably differentiated among both manpower and women women turn tail to more than empathic towards the animals that were abused men and women differ with the regard to the structure of their attitude ( total heat 2008). The attitude about animal abuse differ between women and men is because men reflect a lower level of empathy than women, and that can result in men judging acts of violence differently (Pakaslanhti & Keltikanga- Jarvinen 1997 as cited as Henry 2008). look into has found that women have a stronger and broader moral strictures against aggression than men do (Perry, Perry & Rasmussen 1986 as cited as Henry 2008). Women appear to have a broader chain of mountains of what constitutes cruelty than men. When it comes to punishing people for abusing animals research showed that women recommended harsher punishments for acts of animal abuse than men and that recommended punishments were harsher when the victim was a puppy compared to when the victim was a chicken (Henry 2008). When it comes to be brain determined of describing animal abuse the type of animals was similar and it depended on the type of animal that was victimized for them to consider it was animal cruelty (Henry 2008). A person idea at the moment of being questioned about punishment for animal cruelty depended if they wanted punishment are not. Results indicated that participants in a positive mood-state recommended harsher punishments for animal cruelty for the perpetrator of the abuse (Henry 2008). People also recommended harsher punishment when the animal-victim was perceived as being more similar to humans (Henry 2008).Animal Cruelty Psychology, Conduct disarrayFor one to completely understand animal cruelty one must know how animal cruelty is categorized. Animal cruelty was first categorized as a symptom of conduct disorder by the American Psychiatric Association in 1987 (McPhedran 2008). Conduct disorder is defined as a repetitive and persistent pattern o f behavior in which the basic rights of others are major age appropriate societal norms or rules are violated (American Psychiatric Association 1994 as cited as McPhedran 2008). To be diagnosed with conduct disorder, a person must have at least 3 of the 15 symptoms of the disorder presented. Other symptoms of conduct disorder include persistent patterns of aggression towards humans, lying and deception, theft and/or robbery, and destruction of property (American Psychiatric Association 1994 as cited as McPhedran 2008).There is variety of studies that shows that their factors that influence peoples judgments about cruelty. Attitudes about abuse and neglect can be reliably differentiated among both men and women women tend to more empathic towards the animals that were abused men and women differ with the regard to the structure of their attitude (Henry 2008). The attitude about animal abuse differ between women and men is because men reflect a lower level of empathy than women, and that can result in men judging acts of violence differently (Pakaslanhti & Keltikanga- Jarvinen 1997 as cited as Henry 2008). Research has found that women have a stronger and broader moral strictures against aggression than men do (Perry, Perry & Rasmussen 1986 as cited as Henry 2008). Women appear to have a broader scope of what constitutes cruelty than men. When it comes to punishing people for abusing animals research showed that women recommended harsher punishments for acts of animal abuse than men and that recommended punishments were harsher when the victim was a puppy compared to when the victim was a chicken (Henry 2008). When it comes to be mind set of describing animal abuse the type of animals was similar and it depended on the type of animal that was victimized for them to consider it was animal cruelty (Henry 2008). A person mood at the moment of being questioned about punishment for animal cruelty depended if they wanted punishment are not. Results indicated that p articipants in a positive mood-state recommended harsher punishments for animal cruelty for the perpetrator of the abuse (Henry 2008). People also recommended harsher punishment when the animal-victim was perceived as being more similar to humans (Henry 2008).

Fitzgerald at Princeton Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Fitzgerald at Princeton opus he was a student at the Newman School, called St. Regis in This Side of Paradise, F. Scott Fitzgerald became enamored with Princeton. He attended the first Harvard-Princeton game since 1896 on November 4, 1911 and Princeton won 8-6 on a blocked kick that was returned for a touchdown (Tate, 199). His aunt offered to pay for his education at Georgetown, further Fitzgerald wanted to go to Princeton. When his grandmother died in 1913, she left money that do Princeton available. Fitzgerald did not do well on the entrance exams though, so he had to travel to Princeton to re-take the tests and have a personal interview. Supposedly, Fitzgerald convinced the admissions office that it would be beastly to deny him on his birthday and he began at Princeton in the fall of 1913. Fitzgerald desired to play freshman football however his career was cut short. Depending on who you ask, he either wrenched his knee and was unable to play or was c ut from the squad on the first day of praxis (Tate, 200). With football out of the picture, he chose to participate in the Triangle Club, an original musical comedy group, and the Princeton Tiger, a humor magazine. Fitzgerald roomed off campus his freshman family because of scrimpy dorm space. He took Latin, English, Physics, French, personal Hygiene, and two math courses. He was critical of the English Department, saying that it made students lose interest in literature, but he educated himself by construe extensively outside of the class. In the spring of his freshman year, he wrote the book and lyrics to the Triangle Clubs Fie Fie Fi-Fi which was to be performed that winter. Fitzgerald began his sophomore(prenominal) year by helplessness a make-... ...ald signed up for intensive military training, effectively ending his college career. He did not graduate with the class of 1917 but was included in the yearbook and received two votes for Most Brilliant, two for Handsomest, five for Prettiest, two for Thinks He Is The Best Dressed, eight for Thinks He Is The Biggest Politician, and six for Biggest Dramatist. Fitzgeralds return for his senior year in the fall of 1917 was really only a waiting period and in November he was called to duty in fortress Leavenworth, Kansas, leaving Princeton as a student forever. (Eble, .43). BibliographyEble, Kenneth E. F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1963.Tate, Mary Jo. F. Scott Fitzgerald A to Z. New York Facts on File, Inc, 1998.http//www.capitalcentury.com/1920.html http//etc.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/fitzergald_francis_scott.html Fitzgerald at Princeton Essay -- Biography Biographies EssaysFitzgerald at Princeton While he was a student at the Newman School, called St. Regis in This Side of Paradise, F. Scott Fitzgerald became enamored with Princeton. He attended the first Harvard-Princeton game since 1896 on November 4, 1911 and Princeton won 8-6 o n a blocked kick that was returned for a touchdown (Tate, 199). His aunt offered to pay for his education at Georgetown, but Fitzgerald wanted to go to Princeton. When his grandmother died in 1913, she left money that made Princeton available. Fitzgerald did not do well on the entrance exams though, so he had to travel to Princeton to re-take the tests and have a personal interview. Supposedly, Fitzgerald convinced the admissions office that it would be cruel to deny him on his birthday and he began at Princeton in the fall of 1913. Fitzgerald desired to play freshman football but his career was cut short. Depending on who you ask, he either wrenched his knee and was unable to play or was cut from the squad on the first day of practice (Tate, 200). With football out of the picture, he chose to participate in the Triangle Club, an original musical comedy group, and the Princeton Tiger, a humor magazine. Fitzgerald roomed off campus his freshman year because of insufficient dorm space. He took Latin, English, Physics, French, Personal Hygiene, and two math courses. He was critical of the English Department, saying that it made students lose interest in literature, but he educated himself by reading extensively outside of the class. In the spring of his freshman year, he wrote the book and lyrics to the Triangle Clubs Fie Fie Fi-Fi which was to be performed that winter. Fitzgerald began his sophomore year by failing a make-... ...ald signed up for intensive military training, effectively ending his college career. He did not graduate with the class of 1917 but was included in the yearbook and received two votes for Most Brilliant, two for Handsomest, five for Prettiest, two for Thinks He Is The Best Dressed, eight for Thinks He Is The Biggest Politician, and six for Biggest Dramatist. Fitzgeralds return for his senior year in the fall of 1917 was really only a waiting period and in November he was called to duty in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas , leaving Princeton as a student forever. (Eble, .43). BibliographyEble, Kenneth E. F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1963.Tate, Mary Jo. F. Scott Fitzgerald A to Z. New York Facts on File, Inc, 1998.http//www.capitalcentury.com/1920.html http//etc.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/fitzergald_francis_scott.html

Jewish ROles in Medieval Europe Essay -- essays research papers

There are many disputes as to when exactly the Jewish people and their roles in knightly civilization became apparent to the Christian and Islam peoples of the time. Various time periods are claimed by various different authors, however in this particular case I stand utilized the historical writings of Louis Finkelstein. In one of his many books, we find that his perception of Jews in this time are from about 1000 AD to 1603AD. These dates wait to encompass the entire Middle Ages much better than some of the other speculations made by various other Jewish authors.Many events were taking solve towards the end of the first century, and this is where Finkelstein finds it necessary to mark the start of the Jewish people in the so-called Dark Ages. In the year 1000, Jews were spread across the reality in large and small communities from Spain and North Africa, all the way to the Byzantine Empire, which is now in modern day Turkey. Finkelstein particularly chooses this date to worl d with however, because of the establishing of the courts in this time period. Furthermore, this is where we now see Jews being forced to convert to Christianity or be killed. We see a great upsurge in the so-called imply to reform all other religions until they are under Christianity, and Jews were the focus of much of this persecution.It is not right to say that all Jewish people of this time were being persecuted...

Love and Lust in Most Like an Arch, When You Are Old and Other Poems Es

Love and Lust in Most Like an Arch, When You Are Old and Other Poems   I have chosen to comp are and contrast trinity love poems with three lust poems from our text, An Introduction to Poetry (9th edition, Kennedy and Gioia, Longman Publishing). I feel that poems about true love often incorporate themes of duration, unity and longevity tout ensemble lasting sentiments. Conversely, poems of a lusty nature convey the sentiment that the feeling is transitory, and must be pounced on immediately (before we get a chance to withdraw about it too much). Love poems talk about the spiritual aspects of the subject and needing to be vulnerable to them. Lust poems seem to focus more on the physiologic hit of the subject, recalling the flush of a cheek and the immediacy, the urgency of their passion. Rarely is the need to share and communicate with the subject conveyed. Most Like an Arch This Marriage, by fast one Ciardi (Page 259) illustrates the lasting nature of true love by us ing the image of two pillars which, on their own, are roofless around nothing (Line 11). The words bowl we kiss I am no more than upright and unset, convey the strength and durability the speaker finds with this significant other. The image of the stones used to create this slew communicate that idea of permanence. This speaker knows that real love comes through work and compromise, and is not a quick fix. Vulnerability on both parts is in any case a necessity, because It is by falling in and in we make the all-bearing point, for one anothers sake, in faultless failing, raised by our own weight (13). Love and lovers are imperfect, but exquisite in those imperfections. Cummings somewhere i have never travelled, gladly beyond (Page 402) creates a similar th... ...es winged chariot hurrying safe (22) is throwing the speaker into a tizzy, considering that place where thy beauty shall no more be found (25). And maybe these men are right (thats just what theyd like me to conjecture ). What good does it do a woman to bite, scratch and repress her urges, only to end up where worms shall try that long preserved virginity (28)? Seize the day, while thy voluntary soul transpires at every pore with instant fires (35-36). I suppose were not really trying to make a judgment, thoughjust a distinction. The bottom line is that lust and passion may be very compelling forces, but they are as temporary and changeable as the beauty that inspires them. Compared to the reliable, transcendental, and lasting character of true love, it is obvious that the two must be approached very differently, for their natures are hardly similar at all.

Love and Lust in Most Like an Arch, When You Are Old and Other Poems Es

Love and Lust in Most Like an Arch, When You Are senescent and Other Poems   I have chosen to compare and contrast three love poems with three lust poems from our text, An Introduction to Poetry (9th edition, Kennedy and Gioia, Longman Publishing). I feel that poems closely true love often incorporate themes of duration, unity and longevity all lasting sentiments. Conversely, poems of a lusty nature convey the sentiment that the feeling is transitory, and moldiness be pounced on immediately (before we get a chance to think about it too much). Love poems talk about the spiritual aspects of the subject and needing to be vulnerable to them. Lust poems seem to focus more on the physical beauty of the subject, recalling the flush of a cheek and the immediacy, the urgency of their passion. Rarely is the need to constituent and communicate with the subject conveyed. Most Like an Arch This Marriage, by John Ciardi (Page 259) illustrates the lasting nature of true love by using the image of dickens pillars which, on their own, are roofless around nothing (Line 11). The words Till we kiss I am no more than upright and unset, convey the bearing and durability the speaker finds with this significant other. The image of the stones used to create this arch communicate that idea of permanence. This speaker knows that real love comes through work and compromise, and is not a quick fix. Vulnerability on both parts is also a necessity, because It is by falling in and in we make the all-bearing point, for one anothers sake, in faultless failing, raised by our own weight (13). Love and lovers are imperfect, but exquisite in those imperfections. Cummings somewhere i have never travelled, lief beyond (Page 402) creates a similar th... ...es winged chariot hurrying near (22) is throwing the speaker into a tizzy, considering that place where thy beauty shall no more be bring (25). And maybe these men are right (thats just what theyd like me to think). What good doe s it do a woman to bite, scratch and repress her urges, only to closure up where worms shall try that long preserved virginity (28)? Seize the day, while thy willing soul transpires at e truly pore with instant fires (35-36). I suppose were not really trying to make a judgment, thoughjust a distinction. The bottom line is that lust and passion may be very stimulate forces, but they are as temporary and changeable as the beauty that inspires them. Compared to the reliable, transcendental, and lasting character of true love, it is obvious that the two must be approached very differently, for their natures are hardly similar at all.

Challenges in HRM Essay

The main purpose of this article is to define the five major challenges in HRM. With the constant employee demands and constant negative consequences for employees, there has always been a need to satisfy them and provide them with benefits. HRM or human resource management is what looks into these roles of issues and it focus on managing them efficiently and appropriately. The goal of this process addresses the well-nigh beneficial way to support employees while achieving results. Due to that reason, specific things need to be thought about good and plans must be made to asses those things. With this always comes challenges and in an article posted on Forbes, five of these challenges ar put into perspective and they are explained with an replete full stop to look the reasons for focusing on theses specific issues. The key question that the author (s) is addressing isWhat it takes to be a good Leader and what are the top challenges for HRM to develop those leaders. leading ski lls are very important in todays society and in every business. Being a leader is in itself a challenge. The most important information in this article isDeveloping and retaining the best leaders is going to be one of the most important roles for Human Resources. The HR section has a clear role in this process and what it takes to determine the success of the organization.The main point(s) of view presented in this article are the challenges in HRM. The first devil challenges are the investment in leadership development and to create a culture of collaboration. The reason for investing in leadership development is because it helps the best employees defecate those necessary attributes to become a good leader. both(prenominal) of these training includes something like a worthy education program through universities. Although this type of training talent end up being expensive, the results of this investment are more beneficial than anything else. Helping the employees achieve th eir potential has a leader creates more leaders with meliorate skills and capabilities. Next challenge that is addressed is the need for a culture within the workplace that is based on collaboration. Individual improvement is not sufficient enough to have a successful group of employees. Building a need for collaboration will helpthose leaders work with other employees in a more efficient manner.Collaboration can help a group of workers to do things as a unit and preferably reap better results. These are just two of the challenges in human resource managing that should be focused on in a business that will eventually lead to a better functioning staff. Managing these matters in the best way for the company is necessary and a significant part of HRM. The next two challenges presented in HRM are develop communicating skills and accountability. Having leaders and employees with good communication skills is a must and training should be given to those who lack in the skill. Without pr oper communication a group bond is harder to form and trust will also be hard to achieve. Leaders that have good communicating skills are able to build this type of unity in a group of workers which may help improve productivity from everyone. It is also a good thing to make sure that the measure for this type of skill is high. Employees, especially leaders, should always be looking for constant ways to improve how they communicate with other co-workers.The key concept we need to understand in this article is that Leadership constantly presents challenges both to the leaders abilities and to a person. Things change, change brings challenge, and no matter how good a leader, they cant stop that from happening. How leaders handles those challenges will define them as a leader and have a great deal to do with how effective they can be. Some challenges come in the form of people or problems that present obstacles to reaching a goal. Far more come from within the leader itself, or from t he circumstance of simply being a leader. Every leader must face many of those challenges and learn to deal with them in some way.The main conclusion in the article isLeaders and HRM personnel need to raise awareness of the challenges that they are facing and the responsibilities that they have to develop the future leaders.References5 Great Challenges Ahead For HR And Leaders Forbes. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/meghanbiro/2012/11/11/5-greatest-challenges-ahead

Book Report for Maniac Magee

Zachary Roderiques Book Report on Maniac Magee Which of Maniacs activities do you think ar insufferable? Why? Which do you think are possible but not probable? I dont think any of Maniacs activities are impossible because he is capable of learning how to do every single one of them. I think the one activity that may be possible but not probable is the tying of Cobbles Corners knot, because over many decades no one else could ever accomplish this feat. Would you like a friend like Maniac? Why or why not?No, I would not like a friend like Maniac because he would be better than me at everything and I dont think I would feel like I was good at anything if I hung nearly him. Another reason is because all of the friends he had in the story were only his friends for a short amount of time. He always seemed to leave his friends behind and I would not like it if left me behind. Do you think maniac is a good moniker for Jeffery? Why or why not? Would you like that nickname? Why or why not? I think Maniac is a good nickname for Jeffery because he can do almost anything and everything he does cannot be done by others.I would not like that nickname because I would not want to be known for doing everything like a maniac. I also think that everyone thinks a maniac is a crazy person, so I would not want people thinking I was crazy In which of Maniacs homes would you most like to live? Why? Least? Why? n what ways can people be considered to be members of a minority group? People can be considered members of a minority based on the colorof their skin, their ethnic background, the religion they practice, their income, their gender, how old or young they are, if they are handicapped, their marriage status, their education level, and their sexual preference.

Differences Between Fact and Value

The words fact and value remove always been apply interchangeably. The disputes between these two words deport always been an issue, sometimes unresolved. Even though, these two words are different, they are still often used to have the same meaning. Due to the differences that existed between these words they often creates some problems, which require clarity. The word fact simply means truth about a statement, life, the manhood in which we live.In addition, it could mean an objective actuality, which can be subjected to test, verified by appealing to authority (science, books). For instance, in economics it is believed that the higher the price, the lower the quantity demanded. In addition, according to the law of gravity everything that goes up must come down. These two statements are fact. The answer to these is either wrong or correctly. If proved right then it is a fact. Fact is basically, what is. While, value refers to word that have some features of subjective statement .These are statement, which ask questions, this usually comes in the form of what should to be or ought to be and not what is. For instance, this statement gives a clear picture of the word value. Who is the better president, George Bush or Bill Clinton? This study is important to the sociologist because they research and they have to be able to differentiate between issues like this. They should be inclined and therefore, they should be up to date. In conclusion, this study is important to the sociologist.

Candy’s Dog being shot dead Essay

I believe that Candys dog being cerebrovascular accident dead is one of the most Copernican parts of the novel and should definitely be included in a film version. In this cyclorama Carlson starts moaning somewhat how much Candys old dog smells. He then suggests that Candy should shoot him and even offers to do it himself. But it is the things that Carlson says in order to rationalise himself that are grievous for the readers because it helps us to see why George decided to do what he did at the end of the book.For example, when Carlson says, This old dog, just suffers hisself all the cartridge holder, and you aint been kind to him, guardianship him alive, when he is trying to convince Candy that it is almost cruel to make him live life any longer. Carlson also describes how Candy could kill the dog in a quick, humane way. He says, shoot him right in the back of the head hed never know what hit him. This is particularly important because George kills Lennie in this exact wa y. It is where he got the idea that mercy killing was even an option.Slim is then asked to give his opinion and he agrees with Carlson saying, That dog aint no substantially to himself. As Slim is the only person on the ranch to have natural authority, and his opinions were law. Candy reluctantly agrees to let Carlson shoot his dog. If this scene was left disclose we would not understand why George would even consider killing Lennie and we would get the impression that George carried it out in cold blood and did not care. The scene should be set in a dimly lit, dark setting. The darkness would help to emphasize the end of life.Carlson should be talking abruptly and quickly showing that he is not thinking about Candys feelings and is unaware of how much the dog means to Candy. Slim in contrast should be taking is time over his speech, showing that he wants this to be as painless as it can be for Candy. He shows that he cares when he instructs Carlson to take a shovel, so that he can bury the dog so Candy wont have to see his dog in the morning. The Fight Scene Another important scene is the fight between Curley and Lennie. In this scene Curley has just accused Slim of being with his wife and in return Slim shouts back at him.Carlson and Candy take advantage of the situation by insulting Curley. Curley feels degraded and wants to take it out on someone. Lennie is there and is the perfect person because Curley being slender always feels as though he has something to prove and a real chip on his shoulder towards bigger guys. Lennie is smiling at the thought of the inhalation of living off the fat of the land and Curley uses it as an opportunity to pick a fight. He says, What the hell you laughin at? and punches Lennies face making his nose bleed. Lennie is draw as being too frightened to defend himself. But under the instruction of George, Lennie grabs Curleys hand and cannot let go, even with George slapping him round the face verbalise him to. Lennie fe els guilty afterwards and he shows it when he says, I didnt wanta hurt him, and I didnt mean no harm. It is this scene that enables us to see the achievement of Lennies strength and how dangerous it can be when combined with such a simple mind. The scene gives us a clue towards the main plot. Without this scene we would not realise what a true accident Curleys wifes death was and the reader would not feel as sorry for Lennie as they do. It would make the ending much less effective.

Investment Management Exam Paper

Sample (Easy/Medium level of difficulty) Midterm Exam, FINE441- F all(prenominal) 2012 Answer KEYs are attached in the end THIS IS THE EXAMPLE OF MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. THE NUMERICAL PROBLEMS WILL BE SIMILAR (NOT IDENTICAL) TO THE END OF CHAPTER PROBLEMS POSTED ON My Courses and Assignments 1. You purchased a share of nervous strain for $20. wholeness year later you received $1 as dividend and sold the share for $29. What was your holding period beget? A) 45% B) 50% C) 5% D) 40% E) no(prenominal) of the to a higher place Use the following to answer questions 2-3 You tolerate been given this probability distribution for the holding period fruit for XYZ tenorState of the Economy thunder Normal growth Recession 2. Probability . 30 . 50 . 20 HPR 18% 12% 5% What is the expected holding period return for XYZ stock? 3. What is the expected pattern deviation for XYZ stock? 4. A T-bill pays 6 percent pay back out of return. Would risk-averse investors invest in a idle portf olio that pays 12 percent with a probability of 40 percent or 2 percent with a probability of 60 percent? A) Yes, beca uptake they are rewarded with a risk premium. B) No, because they are non rewarded with a risk premium. C) No, because the risk premium is small. D) Cannot be determined.E) None of the above 5. In the mean- touchstone deviation graph, which one of the following statements is true regarding the indifference curve of a risk-averse investor? A) It is the venue of portfolios that have the same expected appreciates of return and different standard deviations. B) It is the locus of portfolios that have the same standard deviations and different rates of return. C) It is the locus of portfolios that offer the same utility according to returns and standard deviations. D) It connects portfolios that offer increasing utilities according to returns and standard deviations.E) no(prenominal) of the above. 6. Assume an investor with the following utility function U = E(r) 3/ 2(s2). To maximize her expected utility, she would choose the summation with an expected rate of return of _______ and a standard deviation of ________, respectively. A) 12% 20% B) 10% 15% C) 10% 10% D) 8% 10% E) none of the above Consider a risky portfolio, A, with an expected rate of return of 0. 15 and a standard deviation of 0. 15, that lies on a given indifference curve. Which one of the following portfolios might lie on the same indifference curve? A) E(r) = 0. 15 timeworn deviation = 0. 20 B) E(r) = 0. 5 Standard deviation = 0. 10 C) E(r) = 0. 10 Standard deviation = 0. 10 D) E(r) = 0. 20 Standard deviation = 0. 15 E) E(r) = 0. 10 Standard deviation = 0. 20 An investor can choose to invest in T-bills paying 5% or a risky portfolio with end-of-year cash flow of $132,000. If the investor requires a risk premium of 5%, what would she be willing to pay for the risky portfolio? A) $100,000 B) $108,000 C) $120,000 D) $145,000 E) $147,000 7. 8. 9. You invest $100 in a risky asset with an expected rate of return of 0. 12 and a standard deviation of 0. 15 and a T-bill with a rate of return of 0. 05.What percentages of your money must be invested in the risky asset and the risk-free asset, respectively, to form a portfolio with an expected return of 0. 09? A) 85% and 15% B) 75% and 25% C) 67% and 33% D) 57% and 43% E) cannot be determined 10. Beta is the measure of A) firm specific risk. B) diversifiable risk. C) market risk. D) unique risk. E) none of the above. 11. The efficient frontier of risky assets is A) the portion of the investment opportunity set that lies above the global minimum variance portfolio. B) the portion of the investment opportunity set that represents the highest standard deviations.C) the portion of the investment opportunity set which includes the portfolios with the lowest standard deviation. D) the set of portfolios that have zero standard deviation. E) both A and B are true. 12. Consider two perfectly negatively correlated risky sec urities A and B. A has an expected rate of return of 10% and a standard deviation of 16%. B has an expected rate of return of 8% and a standard deviation of 12%. 12. 1. The weights of A and B in the global minimum variance portfolio are _____ and _____, respectively. A) 0. 24 0. 76 B) 0. 50 0. 50 C) 0. 57 0. 43 D) 0. 43 0. 57 E) 0. 76 0. 24 12. 2.The risk-free portfolio that can be formed with the two securities will earn _____ rate of return. A) 8. 5% B) 9. 0% C) 8. 9% D) 9. 9% E) none of the above 13. Portfolio theory as described by Markowitz is most concerned with A) the elimination of systematic risk. B) the effect of diversification on portfolio risk. C) the identification of unsystematic risk. D) active portfolio management to enhance returns. E) none of the above. 14. According to the great Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) a well diversified portfolios rate of return is a function of A) market risk B) unsystematic risk C) unique risk. D) reinvestment risk.E) none of the above. 15 . The risk-free rate and the expected market rate of return are 0. 06 and 0. 12, respectively. According to the capital asset pricing flummox (CAPM), the expected rate of return on security X with a beta of 1. 2 is equal to A) 0. 06. B) 0. 144. C) 0. 12. D) 0. 132 E) 0. 18 16. Which statement is not true regarding the market portfolio? A) It includes all publicly traded financial assets. B) It lies on the efficient frontier. C) All securities in the market portfolio are held in proportion to their market values. D) It is the tangency point between the capital market line and the indifference curve.E) All of the above are true. 17. Your personal creed is that security X has an expected rate of return of 0. 11. It has a beta of 1. 5. The risk-free rate is 0. 05 and the market expected rate of return is 0. 09. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, this security is A) underpriced. B) overpriced. C) fairly priced. D) cannot be determined from data provided. E) none of the above . 18. According to the index model, covariances among security pairs are A) due to the influence of a single common factor represented by the market index return. B) extremely difficult to calculate. C) related to industry-specific events.D) usually positive. E) A and D 19. In the single-index model represented by the equation ri = E(ri) + ? iF + ei, the term ei represents A) the impact of un pass judgment macroeconomic events on security is return. B) the impact of unanticipated firm-specific events on security is return. C) the impact of anticipated macroeconomic events on security is return. D) the impact of anticipated firm-specific events on security is return. E) the impact of changes in the market on security is return. 20. Suppose two portfolios have the same average return, the same standard deviation of returns, but portfolio A has a higher beta than portfolio B.According to the Sharpe measure, the performance of portfolio A __________. A) is better than the performance of portfolio B B) is the same as the performance of portfolio B C) is poorer than the performance of portfolio B D) cannot be measured as there is no data on the alpha of the portfolio E) none of the above is true. 21. An trade opportunity exists if an investor can construct a __________ investment portfolio that will yield a sure profit. A) positive B) negative C) zero D) all of the above E) none of the above 22. Consider the one-factor APT. The variance of returns on the factor portfolio is 6%.The beta of a well-diversified portfolio on the factor is 1. 1. The variance of returns on the well-diversified portfolio is nigh __________. A) 3. 6% B) 6. 0% C) 7. 3% D) 10. 1% E) none of the above 23. Consider the single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 0. 2 and an expected return of 13%. Portfolio B has a beta of 0. 4 and an expected return of 15%. The riskfree rate of return is 10%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in por tfolio _________ and a long position in portfolio _________. A) A, A B) A, B C) B, A D) B, B E) none of the above 4. You sold short 300 shares of common stock at $55 per share. The initial allowance is 60%. At what stock price would you receive a margin call if the maintenance margin is 35%? A. $51. 00 B. $65. 18 C. $35. 22 D. $40. 36 E. none of the above 25. You purchased 1000 shares of CSCO common stock on margin at $19 per share. Assume the initial margin is 50% and the maintenance margin is 30%. Below what stock price level would you get a margin call? Assume the stock pays no dividend ignore interest on margin A. $12. 86 B. $15. 75 C. $19. 67 D. $13. 57 U = E(r) (A/2)s2, where A = 4. . 26. Based on the utility function above, which investment would you select? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. cannot tell from the information given 27. Analysts may use regression analysis to estimate the index model for a stock. When doing so, the slope of the regression line is an estimate of _________ _____. A. the ? of the asset B. the ? of the asset C. the ? of the asset D. the ? of the asset E. the ? of the asset 28. Analysts may use regression analysis to estimate the index model for a stock. When doing so, the intercept of the regression line is an estimate of ______________.A. the ? of the asset B. the ? of the asset C. the ? of the asset D. the ? of the asset E. the ? of the asset 29. The index model for stock A has been estimated with the following result RA= 0. 01 + 0. 9RM+ eA If ? M= 0. 25 and R2A= 0. 25, the standard deviation of return of stock A is _________. A. 0. 2025 B. 0. 2500 C. 0. 4500 D. 0. 8100 E. 0. 5460 Answer keys for the Sample Midterm, Fall 2012, FINE441. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1 12. 2 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C B C E B C C C C D C A D C

Legal Rational Authority Essay

Rational-legal dictum (also known as rational sureness, legal situation, rational domination, legal domination, or bureaucratic ascendancy) is a form of leadership in which the part of an organization or a ruling regime is largely tied to legal intellect, legal genuineness and bureaucracy. The majority of the in advance(p) beas of the twentieth century are rational-legal authorities, according to those who use this form of classificationAuthority TypesTraditional means is decriminalized by the sanctity of usage. The mogul and right to rule is passed down, often through heredity. It does not change overtime, does not facilitate social change, tends to be irrational and inconsistent, and perpetuates the status quo. In fact, Weber states The excogitation of new law opposite tralatitious norms is deemed impossible in principle. Traditional authority is typically embodied in feudalism or transmittableism. In a purely patriarchal structure, the servants are completely and personally dependent upon the passe-partout, while in an estate system (i.e. feudalism), the servants are not personal servants of the lord but independent men (Weber 1958, 4). But, in both cases the system of authority does not change or evolve. Charismatic authority is found in a leader whose mission and vision inspire others.It is establish upon the perceived extraordinary characteristics of an individual. Weber saw a charismatic leader as the head of a new social movement, and one instilled with divine or supernatural powers, such as a religious prophet. Weber seemed to favor charismatic authority, and spent a good deal of time discussing it. In a study of charisma and religion, Riesebrodt argues that Weber also thought charisma played a strong if not integral role in traditional authority systems. Thus, Webers favor for charismatic authority was particularly strong, especially in focusing on what happened to it with the death or decliAne of a charismatic leader. Charismatic authority is routinized in a number of ways according to Weber pronounces are traditionalized, the staff or followers change into legal or estate-like (traditional) staff, or the meaning of charisma itself may undergo change. well-grounded-rational authority is empowered by a starchyistic intuitive noteing in the content of the law (legal) or natural law (rationality). Obedience is not given to aspecific individual leader whether traditional or charismatic but a set of uniform principles. Weber thought the best example of legal-rational authority was a bureaucracy (political or economic). This form of authority is frequently found in the modern state, city governments, private and public corporations, and various voluntary associations. In fact, Weber stated that the development of the modern state is identical indeed with that of modern officialdom and bureaucratic organizations just as the development of modern capitalism is identical with the increasing bureaucratization of economic enterprise.Inter-relationshipsWebers theory of authority is very rich and intricate. Weber and others expect detailed many interesting relationships and processes occurring between the types. Blaus detailed Remarks on Webers scheme of Authority explains two of these in particular, components that either strengthen or erupt an authority type in regards to some other. The three authority types may be re- apply by traits that differentiate them from other types.Traditional authority is impersonal (unlike charisma) and non-rational (unlike legal-rational). Charismatic authority is dynamic (unlike tradition) and non-rational (again, unlike legal-rational). Finally, legal-rational authority is dynamic (unlike tradition) and impersonal (unlike charisma). Conversely, Blau means to adduce that traditional is un-dynamic, charisma is personal, and legal-rational is rational. The likelihood of retaining a particular type of authority may depend on the ability of that authority s ystem to retain the traits that go it unique and reject the traits that make it more than conducive to another authority type.LEGAL-RATIONAL AUTHORITY IS RATIONALIn charismatic authority Weber considers charisma to be a driving and creative force which surges through traditional authority and established rules. The sole basis of charismatic authority is the recognition or word sense of the claims of the leader by the followers. While it is irrational, in that it is not calculable or systematic, it can be revolutionary, breaking traditional rule and can even contend legal authority.Weber notes that traditional authority is irrational. It blocks the development of rational or legal forms of authority or acts as a barrier to the development of more rational or legal forms of authority characteristic of western societies. traditional authority a means by which inequality is created and preserved. Where no challenge to the authority of the traditional leader or group is made, then th e leader is likely to remain dominant.Legal-rational authority is a particular system containing humankinds, like e.g. organizations, there is some(prenominal) authority acting as a stabilizing factor making e.g. employees follow the directions of the leaders. Authority helps to prevent anarchy, and help to define a clear hierarchy of decision-making. A clear hierarchy will potentially lead to an effective organization, consisting of strong and legitimate authority relations between leaders and followers. This authority is wholly granted leaders if followers find his or her authority legitimate. This illustrates the fictitious believe that leaders automatically posses authority. Instead, leaders are given authority by their followers to e.g. inspire, retain and command.If authority is to be seen legitimate, the relation between authority and followers must be balanced, so that the authority relation is accepted by the followers. Legal-Rational authority rests on the belief in t he legality of formal rules and hierarchies, and in the right of those elevated in the hierarchy to posses authority and issue commands. This type of authority is often seen as legitimate in bureaucratic systems, which enables impersonal, specific and formal structures of modern companies. People will hence find this type of authority legitimate, if the authority is distributed to leaders based on e.g. rationality and capability.Particular authority types can lose their power to and thus transition into other types by some of the undermentioned ways. Revolutionary ideals can be advocated by a charismatic leader or the rational pursuit of ends via abstract formal principles can both weaken traditional authority. Revolutionary charismatic movements can be crystallized into a traditional order or bureaucratized into a rational formal organization. Finally, the irrational forces and powers of tradition In traditional authority, the legitimacy of the authority comes from tradition. Ch arismatic authority is legitimized by the personality and leadership qualities of the ruling individual. Finally, rational-legal authority derives its powers from the system of bureaucracy and legality. Legal rationality and legitimacyUnder rational-legal authority, legitimacy is seen as coming from a legal order and the laws that have been enacted in it. Weber defined legal order as a system where the rules are enacted and obeyed as legitimate because they are in line with other laws on how they can be enacted and how they should be obeyed. Further, they are enforced by a government that monopolizes their enactment and the legitimate use of physiological force.The Legal Mode of Authority (Legitimate Domination)This is Webers typology of the modes of legitimate domination. The actors can associate legitimate validity to an order in a variety of ways. The order can be recognized as legitimate, first, by virtue of tradition, valid is that which has evermore been. Second, the order may be treated as legitimate by virtue of affectual,especially emotional, faith this situation occurs especially in the case of the newly revealed or the exemplary. Third, the order may be treated as legitimate by virtue of value rational faith valid is that which has been deduced as absolutely demanded. Fourth, legitimacy can be ascribed to an order by virtue of positive enactment of recognized legality. Such legality can be recognized as legitimate either because the enactment has been agreed upon by all those who are concerned or by virtue of imposition by a domination of human beings over human beings which is treated as legitimate and meets with acquiescence. Orders based on tradition, affect, and value rationality can be reinforced by enacted law.Weber states from another showtime that what distinguishes legal rational authority, from charismatic authority and traditional authority on the one hand and leadership, persuasion and influence on the other hand, is legitimacy. Supe riors feel that they have a right to issue commands subordinates perceive an obligation to obey. Social scientist agree that authority is but one of several resources available to incumbents in formal positions For example, a Head of State is dependent upon a alike(p) nestingof authority. His legitimacy must be acknowledged, not just by citizens, but by those who control other valued resources his immediate staff, his cabinet, military leaders and in the long run, the administration and political apparatus of the entire society. Emergence of the modern stateRational-legal authority is rational among the three types of authority in the sense that it brought about the Emergence of the modern state. Weber wrote that the modern state based on rational-legal authority emerged from the patrimonial and feudal struggle for power .The prerequisites for the modern Western state are 1.monopolization by central authority of the means of administration and control based on a centralized and pe rmanent system of taxation and use of physical force 2.monopolization of legislative3.organization of an officialdom, dependent upon the central authority Weber argued that some of those attributes have existed in various time or places, but together they existed only in westwardal civilization. The conditions that favored this were emergence of rational-legal rationality (various status groups in the Occident promoted that emergence) emergence of modern officialdom (bureaucracy), which required 1.development of the money economy, where officials are compensated in money instead of kind (usually land grants) 2.quantitative and qualitative expansion of administrative tasks 3.centralisation and increased efficiency of administration.Modern stateAccording to Max Weber, a modern state exists where a political community has * an administrative and legal order that has been created and can be changed by legislation that also determines its role * binding authority over citizens and actio ns in its jurisdiction * the right to legitimately use the physical force in its jurisdiction An important attribute of Webers definition of a modern state was that it is a bureaucracy. The vast majority of the modern states from the 20th century onward fall under the rational-legal authority categoryBureaucracy.Bureaucracy is the existence of a specialized administrative staff.According to Weber, beaucracy is a particular type of administrative structure developed through rational-legal authority. Weber noted that bureaucracy resolves some of the shortcomings of the traditional system. His view view of bureaucracy was a system of power where leaders exercise control over others a system based on discipline. Weber stressed that the rational-legal form was the most stable of systems for both superiors and subordinates its more reliable and clear, yet allows the subordinate more independence and discretion. Subordinates ideally can challenge the decisions of their leaders by referri ng to the stated rules charisma becomes less important. As a result, bureaucratic systems can handle more complex operations than traditional system.RATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMAnother source reveals that legal-rational authority brings about the development of a rational legal system, there is likely to be a political system which becomes rationalized in a similar way. Associated with this are constitutions, written documents, established offices, regularized modes of representation, regular elections and political procedures. These are developed in opposition to earlier systems such as monarchies or other traditional forms, where there are no well developed set of rules. As a political or legal system develops in this rational manner, authority takes on a legal form. Those who govern or rule either have, or appear to have, a legitimate legal right to do so. Those who are subordinate within this system accept the legality of the rulers, believing they have the legitimate right to exercis e power. Those with power then exercise power based on this right of legitimacy.REFERENCES* Max Webers Sociology in the Genealogy of the Contemporary Mode of Western Legal Thought- Duncan Kennedy * Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia- Rational-legal authority * Ashley, David and David Michael Orenstein, Sociological Theory Classical Statements, third edition, Boston, Allyn and Bacon, 1995. * Cohen, Ira J., Theories of Action and Praxis, in Bryan S. Turner, editor, The Blackwell Companion to Social Theory, Oxford, Blackwell, 1996.. * Hadden, Richard W., Sociological Theory An Introduction to the Classical Tradition,Peterborough, Broadview Press, 1997. * Ritzer, George, Sociological Theory, third edition, New York, McGraw-Hill.. * Blau, P. M. (1963). Critical remarks on Webers theory of authority. The American Political Science Review, * Crass, C. (2003). Collective liberation on my mind. Montral Kersplebedeb. * Max Weber-Traditional, Rational Legal and Charismatic Authority By Dana Will iams

From Dancing Shoes to A High School Diploma Essay

I have always believed that something great was bound for each and every unmatchable of us. No matter how hard we try, there are still certain things that we take for granted. Sometimes, these brusk things are the ones that matter in the end. From being the average student to the extraordinary dancer, these delivers have definitely helped put to work who I am today. I am originally from Korea, where I finished my elementary and blue school. civilize has always been a challenge for me, making me finish the elementary level with in effect(p) average grades.I did not belong to the group of students who brought honor and pride to their parents because of exemplary performance in school. I was just an average student who would sit in class and listen to the lessons taught by the teachers. Middle school became another(prenominal) challenge for me. I was growing older, and wanted so much to fit in the crowd. I became much interested in hanging out with my friends rather than attend ing school and preparing myself for the real world. My grades started to deteriorate, and my teachers and my parents were alarmed with what was disaster to me.I became clueless with what my goals in life should be. All I know was that I wanted to extol life and be with my friends. While I was still adapted to pass middle school, my grades were nowhere conterminous impressive. I was still my old selfuninterested with school and dependent on what my peers would say. One day, a high school student approached me and asked me to join the dance niner. I guess all of those dancing stints during parties gainful off. I was accepted and was forever changed by my experience in the club. The few sessions I had with the dance club made me realize a lot of things.I translateed the basics of hard work and determination. jump became a big part of my life. Whether it was daytime or night time, I was always dancing. Unfortunately, my grades were greatly stirred again. They started to deteri orate, and this prompted my teachers to open my eyes to reality. My homeroom teacher constantly explained to me that dancing is a good hobby, for I am able to express myself creatively. However, she told me that I should pay more attention to my studies so that I may be able to enter a reputable high school. I ignored these statements and went on with the kind of lifestyle I was used to.The last year of middle school meant that we had to apply in different high schools. unneurotic with my friends and peers, we started applying to the prestigious schools in our district. My friends were able to get accepted in some of these schools, unfortunately, I was not one of them. My unimpressive school transcript prevented me from being accepted in a reputable school. In short, I was rejected most of the time. My homeroom teacher became concerned with the situation, so she suggested that we enter a dance competition in order to get extra curricular points that may be included in our applicat ion forms.My friends and I thought that this was our last option to prove ourselves, so we headstrong to enter the said competition. I could definitely say that we gave our best, practicing until our bones and muscles hurt. Unfortunately, we were defeated in the preliminaries. I was greatly affected with the decision, making me cry my mettle out. After all the hard work and dedication I gave for this competition, still it was not enough. I decided to live a new life from then on. Eventually, I was able to attend a high school away from my friends and family.I became determined more than ever to study hard and be someone. My insufficiency of knowledge in middle school has made high school difficult for me. Being accepted in a reputable university was the hardest part of all. My hopes and dreams of actually succeeding in life started to diminish. With these in mind, I decided to learn a particular skill, no matter how difficult it was. Currently, I am in the United States hoping to somehow fulfill my dreams and aspirations. I am determined more than ever to study and learn to the best of my abilities, and avoid the mistakes that I have committed in the past.I learned that work and number should be balanced, and that there should be a set of priorities that should not be taken for granted. I am now aware that everything happens for a reason and that no time should be wasted. As I smack back and recall my days in middle school, I cannot help but be disappoint in myself. If unaccompanied I can go back in time and correct the mistakes I have committed in the past, I would do it. I have realized that opportunity only knocks once in a lifetime, and you can never go back to redo the things of the past. The said experience has helped me rise up and always be thankful that I am given another take a chance to fix my life.

Solution Focused Brief Therapy

Ahmads skid story presents interesting f bites ab pop how he speak come step to the fore of the closets and thumbs ab pop his placement. He seems to think almost his life as something destined to be what it is. Ahmad said that his friends did non make him good-for-naught he was already stinking to begin with. This demonstrates a way of thinking with a strong locus of control. He knew why he turned out to be a paradox child and he did not blame his friends for his mistakes, crimes and decisions. But he did emphasize that his stimulate had told him what he was overtaking to be in the future day.As a child, Ahmad may dumbfound come to believe in this foretelling which is why he thinks like that. This tells us that Ahmad is cap adequate to(p) of thinking logic in all in ally he actually did not blame his buzz off for turning out to be the somebody he is, precisely to him his yield was effective in saying he was going to be a bad someone in the future. Ahmad seems t o have the ability to take responsibility for his actions and perchance in this possibility he pot also plan for his future. These ar the reasons why Ahmad can emolument with resolvent cerebrate drawing therapy.Solution focused brief therapy would serve well Ahmad think about his present situation which he already have do in his case interview. The focus of the therapy is on helping the lymph gland recognize his ability to negotiate, plan and act on his desired outcomes of the therapy even in 1 session. It is main(prenominal) to note that radical focused brief therapy believes that the invitee is motivated to achieve his goals in therapy, and Ahmad has all the indications that he is motivated.Moreover, solution focused brief therapy is suitable in cases where the leaf node firmly believes that what he/she is cannot be changed but quite to be able to find the means to move on with their life. For Ahmad, the focus is not on k instantlying why he became like this but rather to plan for his goals after this therapy. Solution focused brief therapy had been found to field of study well with all kinds of lymph nodes even with children, thus increasing the suitability of the greet to this case. 2. Discuss some of key counseling issues that Ahmad is facingThe key counseling issues that Ahmad is presenting include a poor self-concept, a deterministic sense of where his life is heading and an inadequate family relationship with significant others. Ahmad says that he is destined to be a thief merely as his father was destined to be a drug addict. This tells us that Ahmad had begun on the path of self-fulfilling prophecy because it was what he always heard from his induce. Moreover, he did not resist this prophecy because it validated his relationship as his fathers son which he baron have not known while he was a child.At the same time, Ahmad seemed to be mostly affected by his fuck offs behavior towards him. He even blamed his mother for startin g him on smoking when he was in kindergarten. From this statement, it could be surmised that Ahmads mother was not very present in his early life, the mother was permissive, did not show whatever affection or care even when he did not go kins someone for days and beat him when she knew he did something wrong. The attempts of the mother to discipline Ahmad solo contributed to the childs article of belief that he was not wanted or that he was a bad person.His poor self-concept was probably actual from what he heard from his mother who to him is the most significant person. These key cousnelling issues are important because it would hinder Ahmads chances of realizing his goals in therapy. His self-determinism and poor self-concept may stop him from thinking about his future since he is already a bad person there is nothing that could be done about it. His inadequate relationship with his mother has actually caused his poor self-concept which can be be givened on during therapy.3 . Discuss the healthful goals and how you would manage the case of Ahmad utilize your chosen therapeutic burn down Solution focused brief therapy relies on three fundamental questions that involve to be look ated by the therapist to the client which if done properly can depart to realizations that would help the client reach his goals. The therapist has to trust the client that he would answer the questions and the therapist has to ask the questions in much(prenominal) a way that the client would be able to adequately answer it.The basic questions include what are clients hopes for the outcome of the therapy, what would be the clients life be if these hopes are recognise and what have the client been doing now and in the past that would help the client realize his goals. In Ahmads case the therapist stolon asks the question what are his goals in this therapy. Whatever Ahmads response be, it would be gestateed as valid and real to him and can be established as the desired g oals of the therapy. Ahmads goals should be placed foremost in the therapeutic relationship.The therapist can further ask Ahmad what he would feel if he realized this goal, would it make him feel better or not. In this way the client could further examine his goals if it is really what he wanted. The therapist also does not impose his/her own determine or beliefs into the clients goals. After establishing the desired goals of the client, the therapist thus can begin inquire the second question centering on the preferred situation or kind of life that Ahmad wants to have when his goals are realized.In this stage of the therapy, the client is asked to elaborate on what his goals would bring him in the future. If his goal is to stop world apprehended then a likely approach would be to ask Ahmad what would his lie become if he does not have to face the police and the court as much, in this way Ahmad would realize a future without the threat of macrocosm caught by the police a likel y possibility and which he can attain. By discussing the clients feelings, thoughts and reactions to the desired goal for the future, it becomes more present to Ahmad and become more attainable.In this start up of the therapy, the therapist can ask Ahmad the magic question. The magic question had been developed to help the client think more about his/her desired goals. The magic question is phrased as if you wake up in the morning and all of the things you would want to happen have happened already how you would feel? The goal is to be able to help the client realize that there is something after the fuss, that there is no need to figure out the solution because occasionally the solution will present itself and the client just have to recognize it.In Ahmads case, the magic question would be if you wake up in the morning and a miracle had befallred to wipe all your problems, what would be the things you would notice that tells you that a miracle did occur? After this elaboration , the therapist then asks Ahmad to describe what he had been doing now or in past that he thinks would likely lead him to his goals. The idea here is to draw out the skills and resources that the client already has in attaining his goals, it focuses more on the strengths of the client rather than his past or his problem behaviors.The client must be able to make the connection between what he already has done that have worked to help him reach his goal and the therapist can do this by asking the right questions and leading the client to discover for himself what those resources are. Solution focused brief therapy is called brief because sessions would simply range from one to six times where significant realization and improvement can already occur. Ahmad is an intelligent person and he may be able to benefit from 2 or 3 sessions just to get his work through his issues with his relationship with his mother.4. Discuss the limitation challenges and ethical issues you might face in man aging this case The limitations of solution focused brief therapy are dependent on the kind of problems and clients that come to the therapy. For example, if the client has substance horror problems and would actually want to stop being caught by the police as her likely goal, this becomes an ethical quandary for the counselor since solution focused brief therapy would accept all the goals of the client be it bad or good.However, a skilled therapist can always lead the client to positive future behaviors rather than dwell on the negative goals of the client. If the goal is to learn how to get away from the authorities, then the therapist has to ask the client what she thinks would lead her to this goal, and naturally the client would say to stop doing bad things. On the other hand, solution focused brief therapy generally work well with logical clients, if the client had a mental affection or a disability and is not capable of making decisions by themselves, then the approach woul d not work.Ahmad is clearly logical but a limitation would be that he is already convinced that he is bad and he does not see any problem with it. Solution focused brief therapy is only possible when the client has a clear idea of his problems, and Ahmad clearly does not think that being bad is an issue, he was maybe born to be bad. Solution focused brief therapy also does not consent to therapists to change the values, ideas and emotions of the client and working with Ahmads concept of his being bad would definitely be a challenge. 5. Discuss the therapeutic technique that you would use this case and discuss the limitation of the techniqueSolution focused brief therapy had been borne out of the belief that instead of trying to understand the problem and finding solutions to it, it is more beneficial to focus on the future and the solution to the problem. More importantly, the client often has the resources to solve the problem which can be draw out by the therapist utilize magic questions. This approach also says that the past is done with and the client or the therapist cannot do anything to undo it, so it is more worthwhile to focus on the future and the solution to the problem.The approach is called brief since therapy is initiated only when the client needs to work on a problem and when the client already knows what to do with the problem, then the therapy is terminated, in this case one or two sessions would be sufficient. The limitations of the technique heavily depend on the inability of the client to work past the problem acknowledgement stage to the goal identification stage. If the client has difficulty in this area, the therapist can throw questions that lead the client to coping behaviors which also facilitate a clear identification of goals.Although solution focused brief therapy is simple in theory, it is actually very difficult to apply in real cases since it lacks structure and the therapist must have the presence of mind to stop from delv ing into the past since it is not relevant to the approach. Person center Therapy 1. After reading the story of Ahmad use one approach in counseling that you think might be helpful in managing this case. Explain briefly why you have chosen this approach. Ahmads case story is the best candidate for the application of the person have-to doe with therapy since Ahmad had issues with his self-concept and this is the forte of person centered therapy.Ahmads poor self-concept that is being a bad person because he was born that way was an acceptance of his mothers conditional regard for him. He would rather be a bad person because his mother says so and which tells him he is like his father and therefore gain acceptance than to resist the idea of being a bad person and be ignored by his mother. From Ahmads narrative, it was obvious that his mother only paid assistance to him when he was found to misbehave or when he did something really bad.Not going home for several days was not bad sinc e his mother according to him trusted him it was only when his mother knew of his take and vandalism that he was punished. To Ahmad, even a negative attention is more important than no attention at all from his mother. The person centered therapy specifically believes that psychological problems or disturbances stem from the inadequacy of mat positive regard that the client experiences in his childhood thereby stifling his sufferth and personal development.The person centered approach also believes that each one of us has the ability to grow and to achieve our potentials inclined the right amount and timbre of positive regard. 2. Discuss some of key counseling issues that Ahmad is facing Ahmad has already formed his identity and self concept based on other masss printing of him, and that is a bad person. He even goes as far as saying that some people are borne to be good or bad and he is one of those who were already bad when they first came to the world. All the experiences he had in his life seemed to affirm this idea which has led to his own acceptance of that self-concept.Ahmads life had probably turned from bad to worse as he got older because he lacked the condole with and nurturing relationships that would initiate change in his life. All his life, he had been doing bad things such as smoking in kindergarten, dropping out of school, stealing, leading a pack of boys to commit stress crimes, and yet he does not seem to be bitter about it. Ahmad had come to believe that it is his birthright to be bad, which to the person centered therapist, is a very alarming and poor self-concept.Another counseling issue that Ahmad needs to work with the therapist is how his relationship with his mother had contributed to his self-concept and that not because his mother sees him as a bad person does not mean that all the people in the world see him as such. 3. Discuss the therapeutic goals and how you would manage the case of Ahmad using your chosen therapeutic ap proach The person centered approach rests on the principle that when the client experiences the nerve center conditions that are necessary for the therapeutic relationship, he/she will begin to experience change.The therapy first begins with the therapist establishing a relationship with Ahmad wherein the therapist must let Ahmad feel that he is accepted for who is and what he has done in the past, that Ahmad is a person of worth and that the therapist is there to listen and to understand his experiences. The person centered approach also believes that the client knows his/her problems better than any other person and the focus is not to find solutions or to explore the clients problems but to provide the necessary core conditions to inspire change in the client.Thus Ahmad would be asked to return for a regular session, wherein the therapist would make the client feel that he is blissful to be with Ahmad, that he listens and empathize with Ahmad, when Ahmad says he does not like b eing in therapy, the therapist would not be quick to refute any of it but rather accepts that feeling as valid and help Ahmad explore more that feeling without the need for meeting any desired behavior or rules of the therapist.If Ahmad refuses to let the cat out of the bag during therapy, then the therapist must not force him to talk but rather make him feel that even if he does not talk, the therapist still values his effort in coming to the session. The third gear core condition is congruence which means that the therapist is genuine and honest about his feelings and ideas, this demonstrates to Ahmad that the therapist is ethereal and that he does not have to be someone else than himself during their counseling sessions. During each session, the therapist must arrive at to make Ahmad feel that he is accepted, loved, listened to and welcomed.In this way, Ahmad would soon trust and realize that the therapist is a real person who is willing to give him attention and care without being anything else other than himself, during sessions the therapist can ask Ahmad questions about his life, his experiences, his goals for the future and his feelings and thoughts which would later on make Ahmad share his dreams and aspirations and maybe on his own begin to act on his plans or change his behaviors because each person is capable of change, of doing good and of becoming better persons.Hopefully, the quality of the therapists relationship with Ahmad makes him realize that he is not a bad person, that he just believed he was because it was what he always heard. 4. Discuss the limitation challenges and ethical issues you might face in managing this case The limitations in using the person centered approach in Ahmads case is that he may not have the luxury of time to always come for sessions, he may be in a facility for youth offenders or he may even be imprisoned receivable to his crimes which would make it impossible for him to work with a therapist.Although group h omes have in-house counselors and Ahmad might be able to work with them. Another challenge is the fact that an accepting and emphatic counselor might instead validate or reinforce Ahmads belief that there is nothing wrong with his behavior because he is destined to be bad. In fact, Ahmad may seem to have rationalized his self-concept into saying that bad people naturally do bad things, so if he is a bad person, then it is natural for him to do bad things.Moreover, there is no way to verify Ahmads stories because in this approach the therapist believes and relies on the clients accounts as being true. 5. Discuss the therapeutic technique that you would use this case and discuss the limitation of the technique The person centered approach believes in the fundamental goodness of all human being, thus no subject how bad a person is, there will always be room for goodness to grow in his person. As such, the therapeutic relationship is established to provide the client with the core cond itions necessary fro growth.Psychological disturbances occur because people do not always receive unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness moreover, the individual comes to accept the positive regard of other people despite its being conditional because it is better to have any kind of attention than no attention at all. This approach also believes that by providing the right nurturing surround the client would become more aware of his thoughts and feelings would be able to understand more of himself and his behaviors.This approach notwithstanding is not for everyone, very young children who lack self-awareness, and those who do not want to explore their thoughts and feelings or denounce their inner self to other people would not find this approach very useful. The goal of person centered therapy is found its fundamental belief and faith in the person, thus the therapy is also focused on the persons experiences, beliefs, wishes, feelings and issues which have either prevented him/her from growing into the person that he/she should be.There are a human body of criticisms leveled against person centered approach because it lacks direction and it structure. It depends heavily on the problems that the client brings to the therapy. Another criticism is that if person centered therapy claims that a healthy relationship is more important than the expertise of the therapist then what then the difference of this approach from other approaches is.However, research although controversial at this point had found that the effectiveness of the therapeutic relationship is strongly associated with the quality of the relationship of the client and the therapist. References de Shazer, S. , Berg, I. , Lipchik, et al. (1986). Brief therapy Focused solution development. Family Process, 25, 207-221. Mearns, D. & Thorne, B. (1999). Person-Centered Counseling in Action, 2nd ed.. London Sage.

Clean Edge Essay

Non-disposable razors recorded fair(a) growth of about 5% in retail sales during the period 2007 to 2010 whereas refill cartridge and disposable razors recorded growth of approximately 2% and 3% respectively for the same period. Innovations and new harvest-home introductions argon the prime factors for the growth. Non-disposable razors and refill cartridge market is broadly classified into three parts namely value, moderate and tops(predicate) gift based on price and quality. dominants consumer research identified distinct partition in terms of product benefits and consumer behavior. % of non- disposable razor users are segmented as Involved razor users, social/emotional s viewrs 28% as Involved Razor users, aesthetic shavers and 33% as isolated Razor users, maintenance shavers. Studies from 2009 showed that the retail sales of non- disposable razors and refill cartridge came from 25% volume of superintendent-premium, 43% of moderate and 32% of value segments. In the last de cade, the industry has experienced significant growth in the super premium segment. Product innovation and new technology is leading this welkin for a shape of new entrants.In 2008-09 the rate of new product innovation leads to 22 new SKUs to be introduced. uprise Analysis Strengths preponderating wellness and Beauty Comp whatevers biggest strength is that it is a well- established mark off with deep pockets and a very good association with consumers. The product- well-defined Edge Razor, that they nave released, is also technologically in the current market. Weaknesses best The company does not have a slice in the 37. 2% of the pie that corresponds to the super premium segment which has immense potential drop. Also on that point is a risk of launching the product in the wrong segment or place it wrongly.A wrong move could result in cannibalization of predominant Pro, an other(a) product in their portfolio. Opportunities There is very good growth in the super premium segme nt especially in mens grooming. The market is also spicyly bankable so vendors are ready to stock the products. Also, the maintenance users are a market not ventured by any company till date. Hence the opportunities are immense. Threats A good number of competitors are trying to befit the leader in this segment which is expected to grow in the future. The competitors could also catch up with the up-to-the-minute echnology and release a technologically more advanced product.Availability of alternatives like disposable and electric razors instal a high threat of substitutes. Because of large number of products available and constant innovation in the sector it is very easy for the consumers to switching the companies. Hence, consumers have a high bargaining reason. Entry barriers are pocket-size in the industry since no major RD follows are involved and at that place are no major regulations. The bargaining power of the suppliers is low. Hence, overall the premium segment of nondisposable razors is an cunning industry to enter into.locating Strategy The first outline that we suggest is Niche Positioning, object glassing the premium segment As of now, the products released by Paramount in the non-disposable razer segment, Paramount Pro and Paramount Avail are positi one(a)d in the moderate segment and as a value -offering respectively. After three courses of development, Paramount Health and Beauty Company has come up with a new technologically advanced vibrating razor called Clean Edge.Keeping in mind the superior technology used and the fact that Paramount has not launched a product targeting the premium egment, Paramount could adopt Niche Positioning while launching Clean Edge. However, there are certain disadvantages and advantages Advantages Positioning Paramounts Clean Edge as a recess will accentuate the companys product portfolio significantly. From the exhibits it is visible that it will result in high and consistent profit margins for the company and the risk involved will be less.Apart from that, the financial unavoidableness of launching the product in the premium segment is only 15 million dollars as against 42 million dollars for the mainstream targeting. Disadvantages As the trends suggests, understanding the fact that the premium segment has not been targeted significantly, almost all of Paramounts competitors have launched products for this segment. Also, for the past 5 years, the companys current products Pro and Avail have not introduced any new innovations as a result of which its customers are moving on to other competitors.The product pro is in the mature face and might need phasing out eventually. The flake scheme that can be followed is Mainstream Positioning. The advantages and disadvantages of the same are as follows Consumers are becoming more and more in advance(p) day by day and expect more advanced technology. Paramounts bread and cover product, Pro was in the mature phase of the product lif ecycle so there is a possibility of decline. Positioning Clean Edge as mainstream product will help prevent loyal Paramount customers from universe wooed away to more innovative brands.Main stream razor unit volumes are expected to grab over three times the volumes of the niche market in the first year. Clean Edge has the potential for true market domination and would chop-chop gain ass appeal. Disadvantages Paramount already had product in mainstream positioning -Paramount Pro so launching it as mainstream positioning will dilute the brand power and will lead to cannibalization. More marketing support will be mandatory to reach the target masses. The company would require an extensive advertising campaign, considerable consumer promotions would be needed and thus the expenses associated with them will be huge.To reach full sales potential with this positioning, $42 million marketing budget would be needed for year one. Total sales of Paramount for Avail and Pro for first year ( 2009) and second year (2010) are calculated using the market size (retail sales) and corresponding market sell, both real (2009)and estimated (2010), of Paramount. The cost of Cannibalization is calculated using total sales and percentage of cannibalization blow overn. Analyzing the result, it is evident that launching the product is a profitable venture however, the cost of cannibalization may change equations.The cost of cannibalization is lower for the niche market as compared to mainstream market. Although, cannibalization djustments give us losses for the first year in the case of both mainstream and niche, the profit obtained in the second year for mainstream is larger than niche market. Branding Strategy The branding should be done in much(prenominal) a way that it emphasizes Clean Edge Razor as a unique and breakthrough product with the usage of latest technology. However, given the tight advertising budget, it should use the well-established name of Paramount rather than haoma a brand based on the Clean Edge.This should help potential buyers connect with the product quickly and test it. This should ensure maximum sales. Recommendations & Conclusion The recommendation is to introduce the Clean Edge into the marketplace as a niche product since data shows that consumers in the premium segment are willing to switch between the companies. Using advertising and promotion of the new product we can gain market share from competitors. Exhibit 8directly suppo rts this recommendation and snows that even though unit sales are less than main stream sales, the operating profit and the operating profits as % of sales is higher.In both year one and year two, this niche arket is profitable and growing. It is here that Paramount should focus its efforts on product introduction and positioning for the Clean Edge Razor. Once it has launched itself in the niche segment, Randall should then launch it, maybe after 2 to 3 years, in the mainstream category. As the data s hows, both niche and mainstream strategy will help Paramount to raise its market share in super- premium non disposable razor segment. But the niche strategy will enables Clean Edge Razor to contribute profit and at the same time, limit the military issue of cannibalizing Paramounts existing products.

Corning Z

Corning -Z- Glass Corning Glass industrial embed was a leader corporation in the development of glass and ceramic products. After so more years of success Z-Glass was facing dec bloodline in the yields at the Harrisburg Plant. Trying to find the line and a solution for it, a group of engineers from the (M&E) was assigned to the plant in December 1977 under the leading of Eric Davidson. Davidsons Team were faced with a lot of challenges and a tens relationship accord in roughly department amongst team and line personnel, due to the fear that the team will cause the line personnel to lose their jobs.There were so many reasons that could cause the yield to decline . T. V furnish casing was cornings most successful product and RCA ( a major Corning customer) opened it own plant to make glass funnels and front plates , and some of Cornering experienced employees went to work to RCA taking all the important entropy with them . Thomas MacAvov President of the company noticed that a poor job had been done in transferring the products from the lab into production . Most of the responsibility of this transfer fell on Untried M&E sectionalization .David Leibson VP of M&E chose Eric Davidson to lead the Harrisburg project. Davidson started selecting members of the M&E team in the first weeks. he started with choosing four . Davidson used the receivership approach , every solution has to be accepted by the plant, they have to retrieve own the changes. If I was in the position of David leibson I think this approach is a really intelligent one, as these are the people who are going to work on the project and communication between the managers and the plant.Andrew MacTavish was the Harrisburg plant manager ,he was a man known as a champion of the petite people . MacTavish came to conflict with Eric Davidson , for the conflict of interest. Davidson should try to convince the plant of his way in more conciliatory approach . he should let the know that they will no t lose their jobs . documenting the presses is something that should be done in order to pass the knowledge to all the coming technicians and engineers. All way communication should be influenced .

Marketing Management †Caselet on Organic Foods Essay

Overall Understanding of the Case, 3 Cs Scenario and abridgment Of Complete trade surroundings Organic nutrient refers to regimen items that are produced, processed and packaged without exploitation chemicals. Organic nourishment is increasingly becoming popular due to its perceived health benefits over ceremonious pabulum. The industry is growing rapidly since the past five years and has caught the attention of farmers, manufacturers and, higher up all, consumers. The health benefits of original food are more perceived than real.However, the public opinion that radical food is healthier than stately food is quite strong and is the sole reason for about 30% growth in the natural fertilizer food industry since the past 5-6 years In general, primitive food consumers, manufacturers and farmers strongly believe in primitive food having following benefits over non fundamental food ? Better health Since extreme food is non prepared using chemical fertilizers and pestic ides, it does not contain any traces of these strong chemicals and might not affect the human body.Better taste People strongly believe that organic food tastes get out than non organic food. The prominent reason for this belief is that it is produced using organic means of fruition. Further organic food is often sold locally resulting in availability of fresh produce in the market. Environment sentry duty As harmful chemicals are not physical exercised in organic farming, there is minimal soil, oxygenate and water pollution thus ensuring a safe world for future generations to live in. Animal upbeat Animal welfare is an important aspect of producing organic milk, organic meat, organic poultry, and organic fish.People determine happy that the animals are not confined to a miserable caged life while eating organic animal products. ? ? ? Popular organic food items include organic tea, organic coffee, organic wine, organic meat, organic beef, organic milk, organic honey, organic vegetables, organic fruits, organic rice, organic corn, organic herbs, organic essential oils, organic coconut oil and organic olive oil. Indians prefer organic preserves, tea, honey, cashew butter and various flours. The organic concept is not limited to food items.Due to excessive usage of harmful chemicals in cosmetics, state are turning towards organic cosmetics, clothing etc. ACNielsen, survey suggests preference of consumers for functional foods foods that have superfluous health benefits. India was among the top ten countries where health food, including organic food, was demanded by the consumers. Around the globe, Organic alternatives are purchased in the main for health reasons. Over two thirds of survey respondents think that organic foods are healthier for them and their children. This healthy intelligence is consistently strong across the Asia Pacific region.On breed Indians top the list with 87 percent of consumers purchasing organic foods motivated by the percei ved benefits they can derive for their childrens health. wellness Benefit for kids is seen, hence tear down willing to pay more. Organic food market is still a developing market, especially in India. Most of the people who eat organic food dont buy it regularly. Hence bespeak to sell other health products too if one wishes to get a daily (or at to the lowest degree weekly) visit from their customers. Indian organic food consumer take education. ? There are many consumers who are unconscious of the difference between natural and organic food.Many people purchase products labeled as native thinking that they are Organic. Organic food refers to food items that are produced, manufactured and handled using organic means. inhering food, on the other hand, generally refers to food items that are not altered chemically or synthesized in any form. These are derived from plants and animals. Thus a natural food item is not necessarily organic and vice versa. Further, consumers are not a ware of the certification system. Since certification is not compulsory for domestic retail in India, many fake organic products are available in the market.? Q. 1 (a) Your organization , which already markets branded Indian spices and flours, is planning to enter the domestic market with organic foods in related products. incision the market for organic foods, specify the target you as an organization will choose and develop a positioning platform. The company is already into branded Indian spices and flours ( Consumer non durable category ) and has a robust intense Distribution channel & market share. They can use this strength in making the market placeing surround conducive to launching organic foods in the related products.Understand Consumer decision making process Company needs to focus on the benefits and experiences ( Basic need of aridness, Security need of being safer option and wellness ) produced by these Organic foods over non organic ones & Question why their co nsumer will / is buying the Organic products. stand on the health need, influence consumers by educating them and providing adequate information on Organic foods. Allow them to pass judgment alternatives and make firm and favourable purchase decisions. The company will expand market share fanny this and increase customer satisfaction & resultant profits.Create pull with adequate & clear communication and use ultimate push at dealer / distributor end i. e. modern retail format in- shop class promotions In terms of opportunity will look at i) harvest-home Development i. e. new organic products in present market and also ii) Related Product Diversification New organic product in new market from normal branded Spices & Flours to Organic ones. Can further expand the product line by adding packaged Organic Bread with added supplements / vitamins Whole mite, high fibre products Cereals and pulses.At a posterior stage also introduce other Organic food product lines like Vegetab les, Fruits, Fruit juices etc. Marketing will determine which attributes are most important in influencing a consumers survival to purchase. Initially being a Consumer nondurable ( FMCG ) category of product, the involvement will be low. But with the increased consciousness, vehemence on the emotional Health need, Credence attribute, consistent quality and value to customer, can look at moving our products to high involvement and fool loyality.Therefore, creating awareness amongst consumers and within the distribution chain could be seen as an opportunity for marketers to find a positioning for Organic foods claiming health benefits, to reach out to a wider base. Product Will prefer to choose Organic flours first then spices to begin with as flours are buttocks foods which are consumed in larger quantity as compared to spices which are Ingredient foods, consumed in lesser quantity. besides base foods have a larger reach and are considered more important as compared to parti cle foods.Segmentation Name of Product Potential customer needs Organic Foods Flours Base Foods Basic Hunger need Base Food Security need Safe/No Harmful Chemicals / Clean numbfish market Determining variables Consumer Characteristics Emotional need Healthy Tasty and Nutritious Pure / Unadulte localized heights Fibre content Non Polluting / Environment Friendly Base Food Flour Health & Nutrition B2B Health Food Restaurants Health & nutrition value Availability Awareness Calorie / Nutrition info Children Health conscious Mothers Earning members of family Elders in family with special health needs.Further Segmentation Geographic Metro A fork ci bandages Demographic Income High income group families Age / Occupation Children 3-15 yrs / Students Earning members of family 25 60 yrs /Professionals Elders 60 yrs + / Retired Psychographic Health and fittingness conscious With special health needs like Nutrition, BP, Diabetes, Tension, Obesity etc Cultural shifts l ifestyle, leisureTarget elect Customer Mother working / homemaker Consumer Children Will first target Children Health needs, then at subsequently stages of acceptance can cover all other areas of consumers and also introduce more product lines and variants as discussed earlier.Position Positioning by Benefits Basis is the benefit consumer gets in using the product, Product shout POSITIONING STATEMENT IT IS A ORGANIC FLOUR, BETTER THAN THE NORMAL NON ORGANIC FLOURS BECAUSE IT IS HARMFUL CHEMICAL on the loose(p) AND HENCE MORE HEALTHY AND NUTRITIOUS FOR GROWING CHILDREN The company will talk about the resurrect to Fork concept ie from unpolluted Creation to Consumption Everything is Organic, in the purest form. There is nothing colored about it For a.Healthier India Will educate existing consumers, create awareness wrt FAB of Organic Foods by all possible areas of Media like TV, Print, In store promotions, Outdoor, Sampling, Demos, Direct mailers, nurtures info sessions , Nutrition talks / classes, School Canteens, Health food outlets, Health food restaurants, form areas, state-supported chat rooms, online etc Q. 1(b) Based on the above questions answer Assume that the organic food category is in the introduction variety of PLC, accordingly what would be the major marketing decisions at this stage?Do you expect the adoption rate to be fast or slow? Justify. Major marketing decisions at this introduction phase of PLC As discussed above in the Overall Understanding of the Case, 3 Cs Scenario and Analysis Of Complete Marketing Environment and the Product STP, initially mass market the product through existing Intensive distribution network. This stage will see more of Product information through Promotional campaigns to increase Public awareness, which will then Stimulate demand.The later growth & maturity stages of PLC will see more of Brand Promotion and Market segmentation ( also see above ) Product chosen Base food flour , can move to whole grain organic bread / biscuits / pasta in any case later Organic ingredient foods like spices, condiments Expand in the area of Organic pulses, vegetables, fruits, juices & preserves. Price Premium / atleast 20% above normal non organic foods Place Modern trade / also Health food Restaurants tie up like Subway etc which will exclusively use our organic flours for their whole wheat & multi grain breads. Promotion In shop education, in store activation to educate consumer.Media like TV, Print, In store promotions, Outdoor, Sampling, Demos, Direct mailers, Schools info sessions, Nutrition talks / classes, School Canteens, Health food outlets, Health food restaurants, Exercise areas, Public chat rooms, online etc Initial Adoption rate will be slow. But with sustain awareness will wait for the tipping point in our favour. As new product category, greater awareness is compulsory There is already a Movement towards natural foods from synthetic / chemical based foods Beverages Aerat ed drinks to juices, Tropicana, Real, no preservatives LMN, Neebooz, Lemonez, Green tea.Base foods white to brown whole grain, multigrain breads, flour Cosmetics study says 66% of what we apply is absorbed by body harmful chemicals etc, Hence move towards organic & safe products eg Body Shop, Biotique etc Organic food market small now but Volume to come from growing trend of Health & Environment conscious campaigns and followers who will in turn be major influencers in buying decisions of people.Market will grow and prosper by creating new market for safe, healthy, and environmentally friendly Organic Foods. Also with this the Company will maintain credibility and constantly improve quality and offerings to suit customer needs and hence hope to create a big brand with loyal customers over a sustained period of time.