Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Comparison of the League of Nations and the United Nations
Comparison of the League of Nations and the United Nations Before the formation of the international organizations and regimes, the international system was characterized by wars, tensions and fears. The organizations were formed to bring sanity and restore peace in the world. The actors in the international system had experienced one of the most devastating events in human history.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of the League of Nations and the United Nations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As Held[1] could observe, the First World War brought about many problems in the international system that could not be handled by individual states. States had to cooperate in order to do away with problems associated with wars. Therefore, the League of Nations was erected to prevent the future occurrence of war. Unfortunately, the League was unable to prevent the occurrence of the Second World War due to its poor structure. This paper will compare the effectiveness of the two world organizations. Firstly, the organizations differ in that the United Nations receive overwhelmingly support from the superpower. The League of Nation never received any support from the world powers. States were initially concerned about their interests. For instance, Britain and France supported the rearmament program in Germany since they feared the resurgence of Russia. Unlike the League of Nations, the United Nations has the power to utilize force in solving conflicts. This is due to the realization that it reaches a time when the only language understood by man is violence. For instance, the United Nations Security Council slapped various economic and political sanctions to the Egyptian and Libyan regimes. The UN Security Council resorted to the use of no fly zone policy to enforce compliance in the desert states. The League of Nations could not achieve its aims and objectives since it could not utilize force to restore peace and democracy. In Germany for instance, the League of Nations engaged Germany in extensive discussions to drop its rearmament program. The organization bent low by trying to appease Germany to comply with its policies. The use of force was considered violation of state sovereignty and independence. The United Nations adjusted some policies of the defunct League of Nations mainly due to the changing nature of the international system. World leaders noted that war had to be avoided under all costs. The Second World War proved that each actor in the international system was not safe. The use of weapons of mass destruction showed that world security was very important. Another difference is that actors in the international system are willing to support and act on the proposals of the United Nations. After the First World War, the major powers never cared about the interests of other states. The US employed non-interventionist that is, isolationist policy.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This meant that the US would never interfere with the affairs of any other actor in the international system. This was a big problem to the League of Nations since it could not receive funding from the well to do states such as the US. The United Nations enjoys the support of more than ninety states in the world. The powerful states are in control of the organization implying that funding is not a problem. In fact, the powerful states use the organization to further their interests. However, the two organizations share many things including the organs, fundamental objectives and ideologies. Furthermore, the focus of the two organizations is the same. Schneider[2] notes that the major problem to the two organizations was the maintenance of world peace. The international system exists according to the Hobbestain state of nature, which was a big problem to the two organizations. The organizations were put in place to serve as the Leviathan but they power and the authority to act unilaterally. In this case, the international system remains anarchic and brutal. The conditions experienced in the state of nature are not yet eliminated in the international system. Bibliography Held, David. Reframing Global Gorvernance:Apocalypse Soon or Reform. New Political Economy, 11.2, 2006, 158-176. Schneider, Peter. The Wall Jumper. Chicago: University of Chicago press, 1998. Footnotes David, Held. Reframing Global Governance: Apocalypse Soon or Reform. New Political Economy, 11.2, 2006, 158-176. Peter, Schneider. The Wall Jumper. Chicago: University of Chicago press, 1998. P. 46
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Marketing Strategy of ford company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
Marketing Strategy of ford company - Essay Example Ford hà °s now reduced its proportion of fleet sà °les to 28 per cent of the totà °l, from 39 per cent à ° yeà °r previously. "Thà °ts some good news in the mix of our business," Fords sà °les à °nà °lyst George Pipà °s sà °id yesterdà °y. Current pà °per provides comprehensive mà °rketing review of Ford Motor compà °ny à °nd defines strà °tegic à °pproà °ch to plà °cing the compà °ny on the competitive position of worldwide leà °der in the cà °r industry. Ford Motor is the second là °rgest à °utomotive compà °ny in the world à °nd the most trà °nsnà °tionà °l of à °ll à °uto mà °kers. It hà °s operà °tions in more thà °n 200 countries à °nd territories, employing à °bout 350,000 workers (Schnà °pp, Cà °ssettà °ri, 2004) Historicà °lly, Ford sought to compete à °gà °inst the industrys leà °der, Generà °l Motors, by increà °sing its presence in foreign mà °rkets. Fords Internà °tionà °l à utomotive Operà °tions co-ordinà °tes à °ctivities in twenty-six countries grouped in three principà °l regions (Europe, Là °tin à mericà °, à °nd à sià ° Pà °cific). In the là °te 1970s, Ford produced outside the United Stà °tes hà °lf of its worldwide vehicle production - compà °red with GMs one-fourth. The Ford Motor Co. hà °s à °lso been à ° leà °der in introducing or rà °pidly à °dopting technologicà °l innovà °tions in the industry. Henry Ford, the founder à °nd president of the compà °ny, is considered the fà °ther of mà °ss production. In the difficult decà °de of the 1980s, Ford showed its cà °pà °bility to rà °pidly à °dopt the Jà °pà °nese system of production à °nd to move fà °ster thà °n à °ny other à °uto mà °ker in seeking the integrà °tion of its operà °tions on à ° globà °l bà °sis. The compà °ny wà °s à °lso à ° pioneer in the internà °tionà °lizà °tion of production, à °s it wà °s the first to open à °n à °ssembly plà °nt in Cà °nà °dà ° (1904), in Mexico (1925), à °nd in mà °ny other countries. Historicà °lly, the compà °ny hà °s hà °d à ° leà °ding role in developing à °n à °utomotive cà °pà °bility in those countries, à °nd its strà °tegies hà °ve been
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Discuss and evaluate the social, physical and psychological needs of Essay
Discuss and evaluate the social, physical and psychological needs of children when particpating in sport and exercise - Essay Example In recent years, experts are trying to investigate the social, physical, and psychological needs of children, so that efficient steps can be taken to ensure their proper development. This paper will specifically discuss some of such needs that are essential for children during their sport activities and exercises. It is very imperative to provide positive environment to children, which can motivate them in enhancing their different skills. It is observed that atmosphere plays an important role during sport activities, and one of the significant physical needs for children is a positive and proper environment that should be safe, healthy, secure, as well as, near to nature, as children develops intellectually more quickly in natural environment, rather than artificial one. (Humphrey, pp. 23-25) In addition, children are very sensitive and studies have indicated that a biased environment often reverses their development process. In this regard, guardians and teachers should consider providing opportunity to every child to show his talent and skills, in order to avoid any kind of inferiority or complex, which can be very complicated for their personality development in future. Furthermore, appropriate training is necessary to avoid any kind of psychological abuse that may affect children during participation in sport activities. In this regard, a number of social, physical, and psychological needs are essential and important to enhance the process of personality development in children around the globe. It is hoped that the paper will be beneficial for students, teachers, and professionals in better understanding of the
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Dezember and Zimmerman Essay Example for Free
Dezember and Zimmerman Essay The authors, Dezember and Zimmerman (2012) report that almost six years after being purchased by private groups in 2006, Michaels Stores Inc. has plans to take the retailer public again. Currently owned by the private-equity firms Blackstone Group LP and Bain Capital LLC, Michaels no longer has equity securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange after going private. While private-equity firms have lately outperformed companies that have gone public, Dezember and Zimmerman (2012) say that Michaels plans to jump on the IPO bandwagon in hopes of doubling its owners initial 6 billion dollar investment. After the announced plan the public will soon see the launching of Michaels stock and a listing of the new share price. The announcement of the filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission for a $500 million issue comes after much interest from investors desiring initial public offerings (Dezember and Zimmerman 2012). Dezember and Zimmerman (2012) report that Michaels went from no debt before the buyout, an advance of $4.3 billion in debt after the buyout, and has reduced its debt down to $3.4 billion since. Yet even with the debt the retailer added 160 stores and will come back as a larger and more profitable public enterprise. Although they have yet to determine how many shares will be issued and at what price, the owners plan on using some of the IPO money from the sale of stock in the company to reduce their high debt, foster working capital, and pay general expenses (Dezember and Zimmerman 2012). If the end result is profitable, Michaels could be laying the foundation for other large equity-backed companies to take advantage of public markets.
Friday, November 15, 2019
Impact of the Digital Age on Society Today
Impact of the Digital Age on Society Today Discuss the impact of the digital age on the social, economic and political life of society today. The Information Age (also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, or New Media Age) is a period in human history characterized by the shift from traditional industry that the industrial revolution brought through industrialization, to an economy based on information computerization. The onset of the Information Age is associated with the Digital Revolution, just as the Industrial Revolution marked the onset of the Industrial Age. During the information age, the phenomenon is that the digital industry creates a knowledge-based society surrounded by a high-tech global economy that spans over its influence on how the manufacturing throughput and the service sector operate in an efficient and convenient way. In a commercialized society, the information industry is able to allow individuals to explore their personalized needs, therefore simplifying the procedure of making decisions for transactions and significantly lowering costs for both the producers and buyers. This is accepted overwhelmingly by participants throughout the entire economic activities for efficacy purposes, and new economic incentives would then be indigenously encouraged, such as the knowledge economy.[1] The Information Age formed by capitalizing on the computer microminiaturization advances, with a transition spanning from the advent of the personal computer in the late 1970s, to the Internets reaching a critical mass in the early 1990s, and the adoption of such technology by the public in the two decades after 1990. This evolution of technology in daily life, as well as of educational life style, the Information Age has allowed rapid global communications and networking to shape modern society. The impact of digital age on the social life of the society today is connected with one’s position in the society, his social class and also his social background, nowadays, there are so many changes in the social aspect of our lives. A very good example of this is festival, changes in tradition and also in the mood of dressing, all this became possible because of the impact of digital age we have today. If we look around us today, it’s hard to find a person that has not added anything new to his traditional attires , what I mean here is, for instance, for the Hausa’s and also the Fulani’s, there were not know for wearing jeans and tops, but now it has become a common thing based on socialization. Before, many do not believe in going to school especially the Fulani’s, they only believe in rearing cattle’s while the women among them are to stay at home, but now, everyone wants to be in school, illiteracy is darkness, people don’t believ e in staying at home doing nothing anymore, for at least even when they lack the opportunity or don’t have the means of going school or seeking for job opportunity, they will prepare engaging themselves in a small business just for them to earn something for a living. There are so many changes due to the impact digital age on the social life of our societies today. The digital age as made the means of communication easier for the world because you can send a message to someone in new york from Nigeria. The digital age as affected the politics of the am economy because you are able to find out the party that as the higher polls making it possibel for the other compeiton to know where they stand at the point of the election. It as aided the politician to be able to have a wider amount of suppoter or vote in the campaign because they can easily broadcast their speechs on the web making people like them more . Over the last 10 years, weve seen social media galvanize thousands over politics, create as many industries as it has destroyed, and offer an abundance of visual and audio entertainment.But has all this incredible change actually changed us, or just the world we live in? Below are some areas in which social media has had lasting, and arguably permanent effects on the ways in which we live. The question is, are these changes all for the better? Child Literacy It stands to reason that children who read and write more are better at reading and writing. And writing blog posts, status updates, text messages, instant messages, and the like all motivate children to read and write. Last month, The National Literacy Trust released the results of a survey of over 3000 children. Theyobserved a correlation between childrens engagement with social media and their literacy. Simply put, social media has helped children become more literate. Indeed, Eurostat recently published a report drawing a correlation between education and online activity, which found that online activity increased with the level of formal activity (socio-economic factors are, of course, potentially at play here as well). Ambient Intimacy Lisa Reichelt, a user experience consultant in Londoncoined the very pleasant term ambient intimacy. It describes the way in which social media allows you to keep in touch with people with a level of regularity and intimacy that you wouldn’t usually have access to, because time and space conspire to make it impossible. Consider the many communications technologies through history  the telephone, Morse code, semaphore, carrier pigeons, smoke signals  they are all fairly inconvenient and labor intensive. Lisa has hit on the idea that communication has become so convenient that its actually become ambient around us. It surrounds us wherever we want it, not necessarily whenit wants us. We dip into it whenever we like. Knowledge Was Power From his Meditationes Sacrae, published in 1597,Francis Bacon was paraphrased as saying knowledge is power. Fundamentally, the more you understand about life, the more chance you have at success. But these days, Wikipedia and Google have democratized information to the point where anyone is able toacquirethe knowledge they may want. As a case in point, I had never even heard of Meditationes Sacrae until I looked up the term knowledge is power on Wikipedia.In Bacons time, the only people that had access to books and the literacy to unlock the wisdom within were the wealthy with the time and inclination to learn. Of course, books werent the only source of knowledge. Consider blacksmiths, dressmakers, cobblers or sailors who passed their skills and techniques from mother to daughter, from father to son. Back then, the friction that held people back from learning was low literacy, a lack of access to books and very little time. Now, that friction is almost non-existent. That is because of both the ability of computers to replicate information for distribution, and the the way that Google, Wikipedia and blogs have empowered people to share what they know. Now,the only real friction that exists is our own desire for knowledge. Its there for you  if you want it. The Reinvention of Politics A recent report by PEW found signs that social networks may be encouraging younger people to get involved in politics. You only need look at Twitters recent impact on the Iran elections, the Orange Revolution in Ukraine, and even the election of Barack Obama to see that more and more people are getting involved in politics and are feeling they can make a difference. One of the most popular blogs on the web, The Huffington Post, is mainly political. Politics has a fast pace, and that lends itself well to social media. UK Prime Minister, Gordon Brown said in June last year that because of the Internet, foreign policy can no longer be the province of just a few elites. Twitter even postponed an upgrade because of the important role it was playing in the Iran elections. These are all signs of both social medias growing influence in politics, and the growing interest in politics from users of social media. The down side for poltic in the digital age is that most information can be gotten from th internet aboout any party making it a disadvantage in the campaign if he or she as a bad record either a fake degree or something a voter would not like about whom he wanted to vote for .Tecchnology has changed the way we live, work, shop and play. We can bank, shop and donate securely from anywhere we can access the Internet. We can to communicate across oceans and continents in seconds. We can work from anywhere, increasing efficiency and productivity. Yet, Nigeria education has yet to embrace the power of technology to customize education and give students the ability to gain knowledge anywhere, anytime. Digital learning can change that. Digital learning is any type of learning that gives students some element of control over time, place, path and/or pace. It allows students to learn in their own way, on their own timetable, wherever they are, whenever they can. Students are using digital learning everywhere – except school. They are gaming, texting and posting on the Internet. Imagine if we channel those digital skills into learning? Student achievement would skyrocket. But still the digital age as a negative effect on the education system,as part of the English class, students wrote and edited their stories on screen and I was amazed how motivated they were and how much time and effort they put into their work. Since the early to mid 90s I have used computers and the internet on a daily basis and as I sit typing this chapter into my fifth-generation Macintosh (while checking emails, paying some bills, downloading research papers and Skyping friends) I realise the value of the new technologies and how useful they are. We live in a global village with instant communication via television, computers, the internet, mobile phones and social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Skype. While parents are often described as out-of-date and old-fashioned when it comes to new technology, children are celebrated as digital natives. Impact on jobs and income distribution The Information Age has impacted the workforce in several ways. First, it has created a situation in which workers who perform tasks which are easily automated are being forced to find work which involves tasks that are not easily automated. Second, workers are being forced to compete in a global job market. Lastly, workers are being replaced by computers that can do the job more effectively and faster. This poses problems for workers in industrial societies, which are still to be solved. However, solutions that involve lowering the working time usually find high resistance. Jobs traditionally associated with the middle class (assembly line workers, data processors, foremen and supervisors) are beginning to disappear, either through outsourcing or automation. Individuals who lose their jobs must either move up, joining a group of mind workers (engineers, doctors, attorneys, teachers, scientists, professors, executives, journalists, consultants), or settle for low-skill, low-wage service jobs. The mind workers are able to compete successfully in the world market and command high wages. Conversely, production workers and service workers in industrialized nations are unable to compete with workers in developing countries and either lose their jobs through outsourcing or are forced to accept wage cuts.[6] In addition, the internet makes it possible for workers in developing countries to provide in-person services and compete directly with their counterparts in other nations. This has had several major consequences, including increased opportunity in developing countries and the globalization of the workforce. Workers in developing countries have a competitive advantage which translates into increased opportunities and higher wages.[7] The full impact on the workforce in developing countries is complex and has downsides. (see discussion in section on globalization). In the past, the economic fate of workers was tied to the fate of national economies. For example, workers in the United States were once well paid in comparison to the workers in other countries. With the advent of the Information Age and improvements in communication, this is no longer the case. Because workers are forced to compete in a global job market, wages are less dependent on the success or failure of individual economies.[6] In conclusion, digital age had so much impact on the social, economic and political life of the societies today because it has brought so much changes in our daily aspects of life and also helps us to improve and reshape our environment with the aid of practical, experimental and scientific knowledge or technology. Impact on social life The digital age as made communication easier and faster for indivdual and firm of all countries but this the social network in the world as made it harder for indivdual to have face to face conversations eferences Amichai-Hamburger, Y., Barak, A. (2009). Internet and well-being. In Y.Amichai-Hamburger (Ed.), Technology and psychological well-being.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Anderson, C. A. (2002). Violent video games and aggressive thought, feelingsand behaviors. In S. Calvert, A. Jordan, R. Cocking (Eds.), Children in thedigital age (pp. 101–120). Westport, CT.: Praeger.Anderson, C.A., Bushman, B.J. (2002). The effects of media violence onsociety. Science , 295 , 2377-2378.Antoci, A., Sabatini, F., Sodini, M. (2009). Will growth and technology destroysocial interaction? The inverted U-shape hypothesis . Munich Personal RePEcArchivehttp://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18229Accessed 15 th January 2010.Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Barylick, C. (n.d.). Technology and social isolation. Retrieved fromhttp://irchelp.org/irchelp/misc/tech.htmlAccessed 12th January 2010.Bauerlein, M. (2008). The dumbest generation: How the digital age stupefiesyoung Americans and jeopardizes our future . New York, NY: Penguin.BBC (2009) Online networking ‘harms health’. London: BBC News Website.http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7898510.stmAccessed 12th January 2010.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Biology Lab
Lab #1 ? Introduction to the Microscopy & Observation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Introduction Many of the cells and organisms that you will be studying are at the lower limits of visibility of light microscopes; therefore, it is extremely important that you attain critical lighting and focussing. It is also important to handle the microscope competently to avoid damaging either the microscope or the preparation you are studying. Even students who have previously used microscopes should read the instructions carefully. Guide Biolabo Using a web rowser, go to the following web site: http://salinella. bio. uottawa. ca/biolabo/ (you can try it from home). Under Microscopy you will find links to pages that describe both type of microscopes you will use this semester, as well as how to set up and use them. It is strongly recommended that you visit these pages prior to attending your first lab. Image J / Qcapture Although you can make all your observations by watching directly through the oculars, it also can be done on the computer screen using the digital camera attached to each microscope.For that, you will use the Image J program together with a capture plugin called Qcapture. Visit the lab website to learn how to use Image J (link on the homepage). All observations can be made on your computer screen or in the oculars. Each method has its advantages and drawbacks; you will have to choose which one it more appropriate (or the one you prefer): Oculars Screen ? Greater resolution ? Wider field of view ? Can share observation with others ? More comfortable for users ? Take pictures while observing Lab1 ? Microscopy The Compound Microscope On the Guide Biolabo page click on the CX41 Compound Microscope link then on Parts and Function. This will bring up a labelled line diagram of your microscope. Familiarize yourself with the various components shown in this figure. Then, click on Setup and Bright field alignment in order to know how to use and handle the microscope. Now, locate your compound microscope in the cupboard below the sink of your workstation. Place it on the counter between the omputer and the end of the counter. Be sure that whenever you transport the microscope, it is always kept upright; the ocular lens will fall out if the scope is tilted or swung. Even though you don’t need the dissecting microscope right now, take it out of the cupboard and install it beside the compound microscope. Connect one firewire cable to each of the cameras installed on top of the microscopes. This way, everything is setup for further observations both on your computer screen and through the oculars. Parts of the compound microscopeThe microscope consists of a system of lenses, a light source, and a geared mechanism for adjusting the distance between the lens system and object being observed. There are a number of important components and it is essential that you be able to identify them and understand their function before you can proceed. By going through the different modules in Biolabo and using the microscope you will develop a competency for bright field microscopy. Identify the following components using Biolabo (Parts andà ‚ functions figure) and your microscope:REVOLVING NOSEPIECE: Supports the various objectives ? You will only use the 4x, 10x and 40x objectives in the BIO1140 labs (not the 100x). STAGE: Supports the specimen being observed. A system of knobs on the side of the stage allows you to move the specimen under the objective on the X and Y axes. Try and move the stage. COARSE FOCUS KNOB: Permits rapid change in distance between the specimen and the objective thereby allowing for rough focussing – Do not use when focusing with the 40x objectiveFINE FOCUS KNOB: Permits small changes in distance between the specimen and the obje ctive and thereby allows for final focussing of the image. 10 Lab1 ? Microscopy OCULAR OR EYEPIECE: A magnifying element in the microscope, usually 10X. It is through the ocular, or eyepiece that one looks at the specimen. All our microscopes are parfocal, so that when an object is in focus with one objective, the focus will not be completely lost when changing to the next objective. OBJECTIVES: The magnifying element which is closest to the specimen.See figure 1 to find out about the engravings on the side of each objective. CONDENSER: System of lenses that concentrates the light furnished by the illuminator. It does not magnif y the object. CONDENSER HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT KNOB: Allows one to focus the concentrated light onto the specimen. APERTURE IRIS DIAPHRAGM: Used to reduce glare from unwanted light by adjusting the angle of the cone of light that comes from the condenser; Production of Image by a Compound Microscope The most important part of a microscope is the objective.All the other parts of the instrument are designed to help the objective produce the best possible image. The best image is not the largest; it is the clearest. There is no value to a high magnification. If the resolution is poor you will have no better understanding of the specimen. light beam ocularà ‚ lens Magnification Numerical aperture (NA) Determines the resolving power of the objective* Optical tube length / max. coverslip thickness in mm prism objective lens specimen condenser lens Figure 1: Objectives engravings light sourceFigure 2: Image production in a compound microscope. 11 Lab1 ? Microscopy *Resolving power is the ability to see two objects that are very close as two separate objects. The human eye will resolving power is about 100 µm. Using the compound microscope Always handle the microscope GENTLY! It is an expensive, delicate and heavy instrument. Carry it with two hands, one hand on the arm, and the other hand under the base. If the ocular or objective is dir ty, wipe it clean using ONLY Kimwipes or special lens tissue and cleaning fluid supplied.If you use anything else you may scratch the lens. Wipe up any cleaning fluid immediately; otherwise it will dissolve the glue which holds the lens in place. REMEMBER, your demonstrator is here to help, so†¦ ASK! 1. Make sure that the power cord is plugged into the back of your microscope and into a power outlet. 2. Using the letter â€Å"e† microscope slide provided, follow steps 2 through 13 in the Setup and Bright field alignment procedure of Biolabo. Remember, observation can be done on screen or through the oculars. Orientation an d working distance . Starting your examination with the 4X objective, position the letter â€Å"e† slide on the stage. 2. Draw what you see in the microscope:_________________ 3. What would a slide with the letter â€Å"t† look like under the microscope? _________________ 4. Using the knobs located on the side of the stage and looking through the microscope, move the slide slowly to the right, then to the left. Record your observations. ___________________________________ 5. Now, move the slide slowly away from you, then towards you while observing through the microscope.Record your observations ____________________________________ 6. Focus on the slide at 10X. Check the dist ance between the objective lens and your slide (= the working distance, see also the reference at the end of this chapter). Now switch to the 40X objective and check the working distance. What happens to the working distance as your magnification increases? 12 Lab1 ? Microscopy Depth of field (depth of focus) Lenses have a depth of focus. It is the number of planes in which an object appears to be in focus.Extend your fist at arm’s length in front of you and hold your thumb up. Concentrate on your thumb and notice that the objects past your thumb on the other side of the room are not clearly seen. Similarly withà ‚ a microscope, when it is focussed on one surface, the surfaces lower or higher will be out of focus. 1. Position a prepared slide with coloured threads upon the stage. At low power, 4X, focus on the area where the threads cross. 2. Using the fine focus adjustment, focus up and down slowly. 3. Repeat using different objectives.What can you say about the depth of field at different magnifications? Has it increased or decreased? (i. e. , can you see more threads in one focal plane at 4X or 40X? ) ____________________________________________________________ Magnification The magnification given by objectives and oculars is engraved on them. The total magnification for any combination of objective and ocular is the product of the magnification of each lens. Objective magnification Ocular magnification Total Magnification Light intensity Working distance 4x 10x 40x High 22mm 10x 10x 100xMedium 10. 5mm 40x 10x 400x Low 0. 56mm Table1 . Comparison magnification, working distance and brightness at three different objective magnifications. You also can calculate the magnification of your picture using the following formula: Magnification factor= measured size of object = (             X) Actual size of object 13 Lab1 ? Microscopy Specimen size and Magnification of the picture Before you start this exercise, make sure you have carefully read the website section rele vant to the software you will use to take digital pictures (ImageJ/Qcapture).The goal of this section is to teach you different techniques that will allow you to determine the size of objects you’re observing under the microscope. The general principle is fairly simple: 2 objects have the same relative size (expressed as a ratio) in the real world and under the microscope. actual size of object A   = on? screen size of object A  ? A1 = A2  actual size of object B      on? screen size of object B         B1    B2 The following exercises are applications of this formula. Place a sli de under the microscope.Choose the right objective and adjust the focus and light level. Then, choose a structure you want to measure and take a picture. A? First method: Measuring an object using the field of view (FOV): The simplest way to determine the size of an object is to use the known size of the whole field of view (FOV, the whole picture from left to right). 1? On the computer screen (using a ruler and without writing anything of the screen), measure the object of which you want to determine the size (= A2) 2? Then, measure the width of the whole picture on the screen (=B2). ? Refer to table 2 on page 20 to know the actual size of the field of view for the objective you’re using (=B1) 4? Use the following formula: Actual size of the object (A1) = Actual size of the FOV (B1)     x   on? screen size of the object (A2) on? screen size of the FOV (B2) Example: On a snapshot using the 4x objective, an insect has an on? screen length of 10cm. The whole picture is 20cm wide. What is the actual size of the insect? ______________________________ 14 Lab1 ? Microscopy B? Second method: Measuring an object using a scale bar file:From Image J (using the file / open command), open the file that contains the relevant scale bar in the  (T:/BIO/BIO1140): new10X. jpg for the 10x objective, and new40X. jpg (for the 4x and 40x objectives). Then, using a ruler measure the following distances directly on the computer screen: 1? The on? screen length (or width) of the object whose size you wish to determine (=A2) 2? The width of the scale bar on the screen (=B2) You now can calculate the actual size of the object using the formula: actual size of object = on? creen length of object  x  actual size of scale bar*                                          on? screen length of scale bar ?    A1 = A2 x B1 B2 *The actual size of the scale bar is indicated on the scale bar file (ex: on the new10x. jpg file, the bar represents 0. 2mm at 10x or 0. 02mm at 100x) = B1 Example: I took a picture of a small insect larva, using the 4x objective. The larva length is 60mm on the screen. The scale bar on the new40x. jpg is 30mm and represents 0. 2mm. What is the actual size of the larva? _________________________Do not put the compound microscope back in the cupboard you will need it later this afternoon. Points to remember concerning microscopes 1. Always work with a clean microscope. Use only the lens paper provided. Don't forget to clean the slide too! 2. Always locate the specimen under low power and work your way up to the high power objective. 3. Never use the coarse focusing knob when the high power lens is in position. Use only the fine focus knob. 4. Never use the 100x in 1st year labs (we didn’t teach you how) 5.Always readjust illumination whenever you change the objective. Too much light will give you a blurry image that you cannot focus on. 15 Lab1 ? Microscopy The stereoscopic microscope (dissecting microscope) The stereoscopic microscope, also called stereoscope or dissecting microscope, is used to view objects that are too large or too thick to observe under the comp ound microscope. Stereo microscopes are always equipped with two oculars producing a stereoscopic or three? dimensional image. Unlike the compound microscope, the image is not inverted.Our stereo microscopes provide magnification in the range of 6. 7X ? 45X using a zoom? type lens system. By rotating a dial located on the right side of the stereo microscope head, the viewer obtains a continuous change of magnification. Our stereo microscopes can be used with reflected or transmitted light. Reflected light is directed unto opaque specimens from above and is reflected to the viewer. Transmitted light is used with translucent specimens and passes through the specimen from beneath the stage and into the viewer's eyes.Use of the stereoscopic microscope 1. On the Biolabo home page left click on Stereoscope (Dissecting microscope) and then on Stereoscope setup. 2. Click on Step 1 and read it carefully. Obtain a stereo microscope from the same cupboard as your compound microscope if you haven’t yet. 3. Click on and read steps 2 through 7. 4. Place a coin on the stage. 5. Using the focussing knob on either side of the arm, lower or raise the objective until the coin is in focus. Examine it in both reflected and transmitted light.Which is best for an opaque specimen? Try t he various magnifications by turning the zoom knob. The reflected light source is similar to a spotlight and its orientation can be adjusted manually. Try rotating the light upwards and downwards. 6. Examine other materials such as brine shrimp larvae (Artemia) in a watch glass using both reflected and transmitted light. Add 1? 2 drops of â€Å"proto? slow† solution to slow down the larvae. Estimate the actual size of one larva: __________ 16 Lab1 ? Microscopy Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cellsIt has long been recognized that living organisms are composed of basic structural and functional units called cells. Cells can be divided into two general type s: prokaryotic and eukaryotic, based on the presence of a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles in the latter. Prokaryotic cells belong to 2 big groups: archaea and eubacteria. They are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells (typically 1? 5 µm). These unicellular organisms may be small, but they are the most abundant organisms on the planet, representing about half the biomass (Biology, Brooker et al. 010, McGraw? Hill&Ryerson). They are devoid of membrane bound organelle such as the nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplasts. Their genetic material is usually composed of one circular chromosome plus other extra chromosomal elements called plasmids. Euka ryotic cells are usually much larger. They possess a membrane bound nucleus, their organelles are more complex and numerous, and their genome is larger than prokaryotes. Eukaryotic organisms can be uni? or multicellular. You will have a chance to observe many eukaryotic cells during this semester: Amoeba, Lilly, Whitefish†¦.In today's exercise you will take a first look at the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as the diversity within these groups. You should familiarize yourselves with a whole array of cellular structures and organelles you will probably encounter during the course of this exercise. Before your scheduled lab session, write down the definition and function for each of the following terms: plasma (cell) membrane, cell wall, protoplast, cytoplasm, vacuoles, nucleus, nucleolus and chloroplasts.Eukaryotic Cells: Elodea (plant) 1? Get a young green Elodea leaf from the jar. Mount it in a drop of water on a clean microscope slide with the convex side of the leaf uppermost. Cover the preparation with a coverslip. 2? Observe the preparation at 4X, then at 10X. If you see brownish oval structures on the leaf surface, ignore then. These are probably epiphytic diatoms. Concentrate your attention on the cells near the cent ral rib at the base of the leaf and on the marginal cells at the edge of the leaf. Can you distinguish several layers making up the leaf? ____ ? What is the average length ______ and width ______ of the cells in micrometres? 17 Lab1 ? Microscopy 3? Focussing at 40X locate the cell wall, the vacuole, the cytoplasm and the numerous green chloroplasts. ? What important biological process takes place in the chloroplasts? _____________________________________ ? What pigment is responsible for their green colouration? ________________________________________________ ? What is the shape of chloroplasts? ____________________________________________ ? Are the chloroplasts moving? What sort of movement? ____________________________ _____________________ ? The phenomenon you are observing is called cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis. What do you think the function of such a process could be? ___________________________________________________ 4? You have probably realised that the plasma membrane cannot be seen in plant cells. It is too thin to be resolved with the compound microscope.In order to see the true limiting boundary of the cytoplasm it is necessary to treat the cells in such a manner that the plasma membrane becomes withdrawn away from the rigid cell wall. This can be done by placing the cell in a strong salt solution. This will cause water toà ‚ diffuse out of the cell by osmosis, thereby decreasing the cell volume. The unaffected cell wall remains in its original state. What can then be seen is a space between the cell wall and the limiting boundary of the protoplast (the cell minus the cell wall) which thereby becomes visible. Remove your Elodea slide from the microscope stage. Delicately remove the coverslip, add one drop of 5% NaCl solution then put back the coverslip on your preparation ? Refocus at 40x (don't forget: you must first focus at 4X, then 10X and finally at 40x). ? Are the cells plasmolyzed? (If not wait a while longer). How do they look like now? __ ____________________ ? Has the cell wall been affected? _________________ ? What becomes of the large central vacuole during plasmolysis? ______ _______________________________________________ Take a picture of a plasmolyzed Elodea cell. How does it compare to the previous picture? 18 Lab1 ? Microscopy Prokaryotic Cells: Lyngbya (eubacteria: cyanobacteria) 1. Take a close look at the sample in the jar. Which colour would best describe its appearance? ___________________ 2. Prepare a wet mount of fresh Lyngbya by the following procedure: ? With forceps or an eye dropper, put a very small amount of green matter on a clean slide ? Add a drop of water from the jar. ? Carefully place a co verslip over it. Make sure it lies flat on the preparation.Don't worry if there are just a few air bubbles. With practice, your skills will improve. However, if too many air bubbles are present, your preparation risks to dry out very quickly during viewing, compromising your observations. 3. Starting with the 4X objective, focus on your preparation. ? Can you see numerous green filaments? _______ ? Are the filaments moving? __________ 4. Switch to the 10X then the 40X objective and focus using the fine focus knob only: ? Do you see the individual cells making up each filament? ________ ? Estimate the width of one filament in micrometres:_______ What’s the filamentà ‚ width in millimetres (mm)? ________ ? REMEMBER: You are working with living cells. Work quickly and keep your specimen wet at all times. Dead, dry or damaged biological preparations are useless. Returning the microscopes after use After completing all observations, turn and click the low power objective (4X) on the compound microscope into position. Remove the slide from the stage and return it to its correct box. Wipe the stages with a clean paper towel. Carefully disconnect the camera from the firewire cable.Make sure you turned off the light on each microscope, then unplug the power cord and make a loose coil of it around the eyepieces. Return the microscope in the cupboard. 19 Lab1 ? Microscopy TAs will check that you properly returned the microscopes in the cupboard with the cord properly attached and no slide present on the stage. You will lose marks for this lab (and other labs) if you don’t do so. Evaluation A short quiz on microscope components, specimen observations and measurement of objects will take place at the beginning of Lab2.Be on time, the quiz will start at 2:30. References: 1? Metric system (see also appendix IV at the end of lab manual): 1 centimetre cm = 10? 2 metres (m) 1 millimetre mm = 10? 3 metres 1 micrometre ? m = 10? 6 metres 1 nanometre nm = 10? 9 metres 2? Size of camera field of views (fov): Table 2: Fields of View: Olympus CX41 Compound Microscope Objective 4X 10X 40X 100X Camera field of view (width in mm) 1. 75 0. 70 0. 175 0. 070 Table 3: Fields of View – Olympus SZ61TR Dissecting Microscope Zoom Setting 0. 67X 0. 8X 1X
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Barangay profiling system Essay
1.1 Introduction The findings of the study will contribute to our understanding of urbanization, local governance and the consequences of migration at the macro level in Barangay Upper Calarian. It will help policy makers (local government units) identify areas where urbanization mechanism can contribute positively to the development of the said barangay. Moreover, program implementers and service providers will also learn from the lessons gathered on urbanization and local governance. At the local level, existing programs can further be improved. One of the exciting ways in which the computer service is in the field of information retrieval and operations – the search for facts which, together with the operations done on it, are stored in a central storage area. Computer – based information retrieval operates through the use of software that can offer information services for an institution. An information service provides a way to electronically access, retrieve, and transmit the needed information. Statement of the Problem The Local Government Units of Zamboanga have long been with computers to be used in operations such as transactions, records and other businesses. That is, through computer technology. But up to now, those computers had not been used to their fullest capabilities. Barangay offices still rely on manual labor not on the machines as their frontline of service and operations. Some things are neglected. One, Standard Operating Procedures are not followed. Anyone can have his clearance signed or business permit released even if the authorized person to approve it, for example the Barangay Captain, is not present. The office has at least signed blank clearances and/ or permits in this case. Thus, the reliability of such can be questioned. Two, it’s because all of the facts and information on the barangay is kept on papers, the should – be manifestation of the maximized usage of computer is not attained and therefore causes the slow retrieval of information and transactions. And lastly, hard copies of the files, transactions held and other matters require a large file cabinet to hold them which in many case, is a case of an unorganized file management system. Significance of the Study A Computer Information Service represents a giant leap in computerized system of barangay transactions and records handling. They can provide up-to-the information with relatively little effort on the part of the user and put a huge amount of information within easy, convenient and comfortable reach. Not mentioning the security and integrity of the transactions and of the documents it also provides. This study aims to present possible solution to the problems stated and to enhance the quality of service a barangay office offers to its clients. Furthermore, this serves as an awakening factor for all government offices, from highest to lowest levels, to be in line with the government’s view of globalization and competitiveness in today’s Information Age.
Friday, November 8, 2019
marketing mix Essay Example
marketing mix Essay Example marketing mix Paper marketing mix Paper Topic: Marketing-(Nike, Inc. ) Introduction Nike was the Goddess of victory in Greek mythology. In 1978 an athlete runner Philip Knight and his coach, Bill Bowerman renamed their small sportswear company as Nike. Since then, the business has increased dramatically. At present Nike, Inc. has already become a major public traded sportswear and equipment supplier in the United States. It is the worlds leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sport equipment with revenue in excess of IJS$ 24,13 billion in last year 2012. (Nike,lnc. reports fiscal 2013) . Nike as a most successful company in the world. It must have a well marketing management that can perfectly identify and anticipates customer requirement and satisfy them. There are many marketing elements that must have led Nike to become such a powerful brand. This study will analyse the Nikes marketing mix and its market orientation, in addition a conclusion for marketing of Nike. Marketing mix According to the concept of marketing mix (Neil Borden 1953), marketing mix was defined as an instrument to analyse product, price, place and promotion in order to establish relationships with customers. Product is seen as an item that can satisfy what a consumer demand that includes tangible goods and intangible service. Promotion means all of the methods of communication that marketers use to deliver information to different communities about the product. Place represents the location where the tangible and/or intangible products are provided for customers. Price is a sum of money that a customer pays for the product. Product: In order to satlsTy tne consumers aemana, NIKe Tlrst provides a w10e range of products that involves all aspects of different sport areas for their customer. This eans all the customers could be satisfied by Nikes products, no matter what the needs of the people. Nike has all the equipment for them. Secondly, According to the companys mission statement: to bring inspiration an innovation to every athlete in the world, Nike also makes high quality and environmental goods with most new technology, a good example is the basketball shoe, it utilises the Nike Flywire, Nike Zoom, Nike Air technique that loosens or tightens with the natural notion of the foot and provides support, protection and stability. These techniques can ensure the player has greatest performance in the game. Moreover Nike deem fashion is really crucial factor for any products, therefore Nike hire famous designers to design its product and also providing variety of colors and styles for its customers, that makes more and more people are attracted by Nikes product and using them every day, even though they were first designed for athletes. Hence, Nike has perfectly satisfied their customers by supplying a variable, high quality, technological, and fashionable product. Price: Nike uses premium-pricing strategy. The premium pricing strategy is the application of a fixed price based on the quality of the product. This has made Nike o set relatively higher price than its competitors. This strategy focuses on the consumers who think high quality is more important than the cheap price, and also those who like Nike Company more. This means Nike has to spend more money to build a good company reputation and image such as TV advertisement, celebrity endorsement, sponsoring charitable activities. These can be another reasons for the high price products. In fact this strategy seems to be working very well, as most people who choose to purchase Nike commodities accesses that they are ready for their prices since they feel that Nike is reasonable. Hampy, 2006). Place: Nike sells its products directly and also uses distributors and e-commercial. When selling its products directly, the company has created the idea of Nike towns in different parts of the USA, in order to contact with clients directly and can therefore analyse consumer behaviours. This also can help to measure the level of demand for a particular product. These data play a significant role in their marketing strategy. Furthermore, a right method of distribution might help the company save many valuable resources, but there are also many drawbacks, for instance, if Nike hires a elivering company to take commodities to customer. The customer may expect that delivery companies can do it as fast as possible, this may cost Nike a great sum of money to acquire such a good delivery. Moreover, in case the deliveries are damaged or delayed accidently, the clients will tend to blame Nike for the damage or delay, instead of the delivery company. This will harm the reputation of Nike. Lastly, Nike has been using a successful e-commercial over last two decades. The first e- commercial site was launched in April 1999 by providing over 65 styles of sport roducts to the US market for purchasing (Nike, 2013). This helps the promotion of NIKes products all over tne glooe. Promotion: Nike used to sponsor numerous sport celebrities to publicise their product. Such as Kobe Bryant in basketball, Tiger woods in golf, Federer in tennis. This is a really effective approach to improve awareness, and image of the brand. For example, if a celebrity athlete sponsors a specific brand of athletic shoes, the brand will be associated with success. Besides that, there are also many popular Nike advertisement that spread all over the word, however advertisements do have some isadvantages; they do not target specific customers, and information are received by those who happen to be at a certain location, who are likely not to purchase the product, and this may waste the companys resources. However, this may be not happened with Nikes products, as their commodities fit any category of people, as the company mission statement: to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world, If you have a body you are an athlete. (Bill Bowerman, Nike Co-founder). Additionally, in recent years, because social media is cheap, easy and influential, it provides a crucial promotion platform for Nike. Nike uses Facebook and Twitter to deliver the promotion information to their client, and receives feedback form their customers. This two-way communication can makes Nike select more important and accurate data from customers. All these promotion activities certainly make Nike become the most recognisable brand in the world. Market orientations This theory is to consider the demand and interest of customers, organizations and societies in order to find out which market orientation best suites the company. There are five parts of orientations. 1 . Production-This concept believes that customers prefer products that are both idely available and inexpensive. The marketer should concentrate on reaching high production efficiency, low costs and mass distribution. This concept normally makes sense in developing countries, where consumers only want get the cheap products. 2. Products-This orientation focus on supplying products that provides the best quality, performance and innovative features. However it might sometimes not really fulfill the customer demand. . Selling-This concept means the company is more interested in selling and promoting, they keep promoting their products to stimulate more buying. 4. Marketing-This orientation concentrate on the companys customer needs and what they want in order to makes the company better than its competitors. 5. Social Responsible Marketing-This orientation holds that in order to reach organlsatlons goal, tne organlsatlon not only prov10es a nlgn quallty products, It also should reinforce social and ethical values fore the benefit of citizens. I think there is no doubt that Nike as an organization is market- orientated. According to Phil Knight, COE Nike (2009) answered in an interview that for years we considered ourselves as a product-orientated company however, we now understand the most mportant thing is the consumers as they lead the innovation. They believe that the consumers needs and wants is their most important marketing tool. This can be certainly proved by it offer variety products which cover nearly all areas in order to fulfill different needs of people. A good example is the Nike+ iPod. Nike realised there are some customers used to track their runners space on their iPod, therefore Nike generates some products that have been installed with a radio device that can connect to their iPod and measuring their running distance automatically, however the price does not change that much. Besides that, all Nikes products were designed to be fashionable, this can satisfy those who are not an athlete, but only want a beautiful shoe, then the idea of create you own shoe come out. The customer can design their own shoes on Nike website, the customer can choose and colors and styles they like, and Nike makes it for them. Therefore, no matter who you are, what you want, there always is a Nike product suit you, as you are the most importance for Nike (Phil Knight 2009). This orientation certainly helps Nike earn more marketing, because in the present society, customers have variety of choices. Whether can satisfy the demand of consumers is the most crucial factor to influence the consumer decision-making process. Alet C Erasmus, Elizabeth Boshoff and GG Rousseau2001) Conclusion From the about study, we had understanding the Nike is market orientation company, it deem consumers needs and wants are most crucial elements for its marketing strategy. Besides that, we also analyzed Nikes product, price, promotion, and place base on marketing mix theory. Then we sought out that Nike generates a verity of high quality, fashionable and functional products. And it has buil t a most ecognizable band and a high company reputation and image through by social media, advertisements and celebrity endorsement. These factors lead to Nike became such a successful company. In the future, Nike will continue the principle in order to satisfy more and more customer. world count: 1 Reference: 1. Hampy, J. (2006): Reengineering the Nike Corporation: A Manifesto for Business marketing in Nike, Harper 2. Kohli, A. K. Jaworski, B. J. (1990). Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications. The Journal of Marketing, 54(2),1-18. 3. Ruekert, Robert W. 1992). Developing a Market Orientation: An Organizational Strategy Perspective. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 9(3),225-45. 4. Nike,inc. reports fiscal (2013) fourth quarter and full year results. Available at http://nikeinc. com/news/nike-inc-reports-fiscal-2012-fourth- quarter-and-full-year-results. [accessed 11/08/2013] 5. Nike elevates global e commerce strategy (2013). Available at http://nikeinc. com/news/nike-inc-elevates- global-e-commerce-strategy [accessed 11/08/2013] 6. Ruekert, Robert W. (1992). Developing a Market Orientation: An Organizational Strategy Perspective. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 9(3),225-45. . Phil Knight, CEO Nike on product marketing (2009) available at marketinginprogress. com/ 2009/04/16/phil-knight-nike-ceo-on-product-marketing/[accessed 1 1108/2013] 8. Borden, Neil H. (1964), The Concept of the Marketing Mix, Journal of Advertising Research, 4 (2), 2-7. 9. Naylor, J. (2004), Management marketing in Management 2ed. prennce Hall, PP 520-554. 10. Erasmus, C, A, Boshoff, E and Rousseau GG (2001) , Consumer decision-making models within the discipline of consumer science: a critical approach Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, Vol 29.
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Gross Writing Errors Found on the Web
Gross Writing Errors Found on the Web Gross Writing Errors Found on the Web Gross Writing Errors Found on the Web By Daniel Scocco Computers and the Internet are revolutionizing the way we create and share information. Through blogs, wikis and social networks, you can reach literally 1.2 billion of people without leaving your room. That being said, a little attention toward correct spelling and basic grammar rules couldnt hurt, right? Below you will find some curious, to say the least, errors that we gathered on the Web. You are the best mom in the hole world Maybe the person lives in a hole or something, but he probably wanted to say the whole world. The kids were very attentive because of the recent tsunami The apostrophe has a wide range of uses within the English language, but forming plurals is not one of them. The kids were very attentive. you might as well ask if less men enter nursing because there are less men in nursing Less men? Fewer men you mean! Less is used for uncountable things, like less sugar or less money. For plural things (countable), you must use fewer, like fewer cars. The stock market made further progress forward yesterday This one is coming from the New York Times (ouch!). Progress means to move forward or to develop, so progress forward is a redundancy, and should be avoided. Its like to say that something is absolutely essential took me around 1 hour and my cell ran out of credit) to resolve some minor (yet presistant) issues The issues were persistent, not presistant. The company provides solutions in the following specialty areas: information technology, proffesional services and direct hire/search This was found on a LinkedIn resume (ouch again!). Not sure how professional the services really are. the importance of the Internet and the roll it plays in our everyday lives The Internet plays a very important role, not roll, in our lives. These could of been handy because its easier to look at a more simple, less messy theme to understand how These could have been, not could of. Also, if something is more simple it is simpler. 1K should be sufficient for an ernest payment Ernest is a male name. The good-faith deposit used in real estate transactions is called earnest payment. make sure that each of these templates contain the same XHTML/HTML Each refers to singular subjects, and the verb must agree with the subject. Each of these templates contains. The nature of his illness had been kept quite and not many of the crew and cast had seen much of him in the intervening time The nature of his illness had been kept quiet (not â€Å"quite†). A friend will do whatever they can to lift you up when your down because they dont like to see there friend hurt Friends (not A friend) will do what ever they can. The pronoun must agree with its antecedent. When youre (not your) down. To see their (not there) friend. hes alot like a younger version robert horry, same height, long body This is a mistake that happens a lot (not alot) around the Internet. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsDo you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?12 Misunderstood and Misquoted Shakespearean Expressions
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Heat temperature and kinetic energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Heat temperature and kinetic energy - Essay Example As particles of matter are in constant motion even in the coldest voids of space, there is always a measurable amount of heat energy produced. The continuous movements of the atoms and molecules within the body, where they randomly hit each other produce heat or thermal energy. Heat is also like work. It can never be contained within the body. Instead, it is energy in transit, transferring from one body into another. It can also transmit from the system to its environment or vice versa. Heat in the body can be of two forms: potential and kinetic energy (Smith, Van Ness, Abott, 2001). Heat always travels from a body with high temperature to a lower one. Temperature is the main driving force for heat transfer between bodies. According to (Killam, Daou, n.d ), atoms and molecules don’t travel with the same rate of speed. There is a certain range of energy in molecules that dictates their speed whether slow or fast. Temperature therefore is â€Å"the measure of the average heat o r thermal energy of the particles in a substance†. Temperature is measured through thermometers, using a uniform tube filled with alcohol, mercury or some other fluids. There is a reflected numerical values indicated for the degree of hotness and coldness of a certain object (Smith, Van Ness, Abott, 2001). Heat and temperature is closely related to each other. As observed, the presence of heat makes the temperature rise. However, they are not of the same thing. Heat is the energy produced due to the motion of molecules while temperature is the measurement of the energy produced by the body. Heat is dependent upon the rate of movement of the particles such as the number of particles in motion, their speed, mass and the type of particles within the body. Temperature, on the other hand is independent of these things. Heat caused the temperature to rise and the removal of heat cause the temperature to lower down. Object with higher temperature reveals that the molecules in that bo dy are moving with higher energy. To state it more clearly, â€Å"temperature is not energy, but a measure of it. Heat is energy†(Killam, Daou, n.d). Heat has effects to the body from which it is transferred. A certain body is capable of handling such heat energy. This is referred to as heat capacity. As defined by (Smith, Van Ness, Abott, 2001), the smaller the change in temperature within a body that is caused by the transfer of that given quantity of heat, there is greater capacity for it. There are two kinds of heat capacity that can be applied in homogenous fluids: heat capacity at constant volume and the heat capacity at constant pressure. Every type has certain conditions or properties that must be considered with relevance to their differences in volume and pressure. Heat capacity can also be further divided into three different terms: heat capacity, specific heat capacity and the molar heat capacity. According to Jorgensen (n.d), molar heat capacity is the required energy for one mole of substance to raise 1 degree Celcius. Specific heat is the measurement of energy that can raise a material with a certain mass into a difference of 1 degree in Centigrade. They are both intrinsic properties of a certain substance. They are not dependent on the quantity of material present. Heat capacity on the other hand, is an extensive property of
Friday, November 1, 2019
Causes of the 2007-08 Financial Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Causes of the 2007-08 Financial Crisis - Essay Example Due to this the mortgage originators had lesser incentive to motivate them to take careful underwritings (Chapra, M., 2009). The economy of the real estate industry was affected seriously by the step. With these kinds of effects that the real estate industry had on the economy of the world, it is quite evident that real estate industry is an economic to reckon. More attention was accorded to loan volumes rather than loan quality as banks fought to increase their investment opportunities hoping to maximize their profits as a result of the economic crunch (Torres, 2010). In Greece alone, investors became reluctant to do business or even finance the Government deficits (Torres, 2010). With the decline in the confidence in government, falling by around 10% in many countries, it became very evident that the masses were discontent with the short term measures that were being taken by governments to try and solve the situation (Torres, 2010). The effects of the meltdown were felt quite deep down the social ladder. Starting at the top with the banks not trusting one another and the interbank credit being anemic, the unequal economic incomes affected the wage growth in countries where it would have been justified by the productivity
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